A Study of Virtual Water Trade among G20 Countries from a Value-Added Trade Perspective

doi:10.3390/w16192808

	A Study of Virtual Water Trade among G20 Countries from a Value-Added Trade Perspective
	Deng, Guangyao1,2 ; Di, Keyu1
	2024-10
发表期刊	WATER
卷号	16 期号:19
摘要	From a value-added trade perspective, this study utilizes the world input-output tables and the water footprint data of each industry in each country in the Eora database to explore the virtual water resources of 19 countries (the G20 countries excluding the European Union) in 2016. We calculated nine value chain decompositions and the pattern of virtual water flows and then explored the implied virtual water use due to the trade of intermediate goods and final goods, and we also analyzed the unequal trade of virtual water and added value among countries. The results indicate the following. Firstly, in most countries, the largest portion of virtual water is attributed to exports of intermediate inputs that are produced in the source country and fully utilized by the direct import countries, followed by the foreign value-added component of intermediate goods, while the smallest share of virtual water is returned to the country. Secondly, in value-added trade, excluding the rest of the world (ROW), China, France, Italy, Japan, Mexico, South Korea, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, and Germany are net importers in the virtual water trade between G20 countries, and the USA is the largest net exporter of virtual water. Thirdly, intermediate product trade is the dominant form of implied virtual water trade among countries, which leads to a net flow ratio of implied virtual water of about 80% to 90%. Lastly, the Virtual Water Inequality Index shows that thirteen country combinations, including Brazil and Argentina, exhibit significant inequality, and most countries are in a relatively equal state. In addition, the virtual water and added value of the relatively economically developed regions benefit more from the virtual water trade. Therefore, it is crucial for countries to reduce their consumption of virtual water when trading intermediate products to develop high-value-added and low-water-consumption industries and to choose appropriate virtual water trade targets.
关键词	virtual water flow value-added trade Multi-Regional Input-Output (MRIO) model intermediate and final goods trade Virtual Water Inequality Index
DOI	10.3390/w16192808
收录类别	SCIE
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Water Resources
WOS类目	Environmental Sciences ; Water Resources
WOS记录号	WOS:001332124400001
出版者	MDPI
原始文献类型	Article
EISSN	2073-4441
引用统计	被引频次[WOS]：0 [WOS记录] [WOS相关记录]
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.lzufe.edu.cn/handle/39EH0E1M/38154
专题	统计与数据科学学院
通讯作者	Deng, Guangyao
作者单位	1.Lanzhou Univ Finance & Econ, Sch Stat & Data Sci, Lanzhou 730020, Peoples R China; 2.Lanzhou Univ Finance & Econ, Econ Res Inst Belt & Rd Initiat, Lanzhou 730020, Peoples R China
第一作者单位	兰州财经大学
通讯作者单位	兰州财经大学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Deng, Guangyao,Di, Keyu. A Study of Virtual Water Trade among G20 Countries from a Value-Added Trade Perspective[J]. WATER,2024,16(19).
APA	Deng, Guangyao,&Di, Keyu.(2024).A Study of Virtual Water Trade among G20 Countries from a Value-Added Trade Perspective.WATER,16(19).
MLA	Deng, Guangyao,et al."A Study of Virtual Water Trade among G20 Countries from a Value-Added Trade Perspective".WATER 16.19(2024).