金融学院知识库

截至2023年末，我国原保险保费收入达5.1万亿，同比增长9.1%，保险深度4.07%，保险密度为3630元/人，较去年均有所提升，但与全球平均水平相比仍有较大发展空间。随着社会的不断发展，家庭婚姻状态也更加丰富多变，不同婚姻家庭具有不同的家庭经济行为偏好，为我们研究家庭商业保险消费提供了新思路。

为探究不同婚姻状态下的家庭商业保险消费情况，本文梳理了有关婚姻状态与家庭保险消费话题的研究，首先从理论上提出并分析了不同婚姻状态对家庭商业保险消费影响的可能性，并采用2019年中国家庭金融调查问卷（CHFS2019）中的微观数据，通过构建probit模型和tobit模型，运用stata16对婚姻状态与家庭商业保险消费之间可能存在的关系进行实证研究。为进一步探究不同婚姻状态家庭的保险喜好，基准回归部分将被解释变量商业保险细分为商业人寿保险和商业健康保险，分别探讨了婚姻状态对两大类保险业务的效果。为确保上述研究结果的稳健性，本文构建CHFS2017与CHFS2019的面板数据再次进行回归，结果显示稳健。同时，本文从性别、城乡、教育程度、收入水平、社会保障五个角度、两个维度对样本异质性展开探讨，并采用逐步回归法和bootstrap检验法对家庭资产、家庭人口规模及户主风险偏好这三个可能的中介因子进行检验。通过实证研究本文所得出的结论有：（1）已婚、离婚和丧偶会正向促进家庭商业保险消费，分险种来看，已婚和离婚会促进人寿保险和健康保险的消费。（2）性别、户口、家庭总收入、家庭总负债、人情礼支出、教育程度、身体健康状况、人口结构及社会保障情况等都是影响家庭商业保险消费的因素。（3）婚姻状态对家庭商业保险的影响在不同户主性别、城乡、教育程度、家庭收入水平和社会保障水平间均存在样本异质性，应制定差异化的保险策略。（4）家庭总资产、家庭人口、户主风险偏好是婚姻状态影响保险消费的途径，这种传递效应对已婚家庭尤其明显，这也说明不同婚姻状况的传导机制会有差异。

最后，本文针对理论及实证结论提供了以下四个方向的政策建议：一是家庭应提高风险意识。主动了解保险的作用，根据自身需求购买合适的保险产品，为家庭分散风险；二是保险公司应提供差异化家庭保险服务。商业保险公司应当准确识别不同婚姻状况家庭对人身保险产品的异质性需求，优化产品供给，拓宽业务市场范围，提高家庭参保意愿与程度；三是政府应加大宣传力度。使家庭成员了解商业保险的种类、功能和优势，提升家庭的风险防范意识；四是推进普惠保险发展提升保险覆盖率。本文的贡献之处在于深入探讨了六种婚姻状态的商业保险消费行为，并将险种细分为人寿保险和健康保险，并采用逐步回归法与bootstrap进一步探究其可能存在的影响机理。

By the end of 2023, China's original insurance premium income reached 5.1 trillion yuan, an increase of 9.1%, the insurance depth was 4.07%, and the insurance density was 3,630 yuan/person, which was improved compared with last year, but there is still a large space for development compared with the global average level. With the continuous development of the society, the family and marriage status are more varied, and different marriages have different preferences for family economic behavior, which provides a new way for us to study family commercial insurance consumption.

In order to explore the consumption situation of family commercial insurance under different marital status, this paper combs the research on the topic of marriage status and family insurance consumption. Firstly, it proposes and analyzes the possibility of the influence of different marital status on family commercial insurance consumption theoretically, and adopts the micro-data from the 2019 China Family Finance Survey Questionnaire (CHFS2019). By constructing probit model and tobit model, stata16 software was used to conduct an empirical study on the possible relationship between marital status and family commercial insurance consumption. In order to further explore the insurance preferences of families with different marital status, the benchmark regression section subdivides the explained variable commercial insurance into commercial life insurance and commercial health insurance, and discusses the effects of marital status on the two types of insurance businesses respectively. In order to ensure the robustness of the above research results, this paper constructs panel data of CHFS2017 and CHFS2019 for regression again, and the results show robustness. At the same time, this paper discusses sample heterogeneity from five perspectives and two dimensions: gender, urban and rural areas, education level, income level, and social security, and adopts stepwise regression method and bootstrap test method to test three possible mediating factors: household assets, household population size, and household head risk preference. Through empirical research, the conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) marriage, divorce and widowhood will positively promote the consumption of family commercial insurance, and marriage and divorce will promote the consumption of life insurance and health insurance. (2) Gender, household registration, total household income, total household debt, gift expenditure, education level, health status, population structure and social security are all factors that affect family commercial insurance consumption. (3) The influence of marital status on family commercial insurance has sample heterogeneity among different gender of household head, urban and rural areas, education level, family income level and social security level, so differentiated insurance strategies should be formulated. (4) Total family assets, family population and risk preference of the head of the household are the ways that marital status affects insurance consumption, and this transmission effect is especially obvious for married families, which also indicates that the transmission mechanism of different marital status will be different.

Finally, this paper provides policy recommendations in the following four directions according to the theoretical and empirical conclusions: First, families should improve their risk awareness. Take the initiative to understand the role of insurance, purchase appropriate insurance products according to their own needs, and spread the risk for the family; Second, insurance companies should provide differentiated family insurance services. Commercial insurance companies should accurately identify the heterogeneous needs of families with different marital status for life insurance products, optimize product supply, expand the scope of business market, and improve the willingness and degree of family insurance. Third, the government should strengthen publicity. Make family members understand the types, functions and advantages of commercial insurance, and enhance the family's awareness of risk prevention; Fourth, promote the development of inclusive insurance and improve insurance coverage. The contribution of this paper is to deeply explore the commercial insurance consumption behavior of six marital states, subdivide the insurance types into life insurance and health insurance, and further explore the possible influence mechanism by using stepby-step regression method and bootstrap test.