统计与数据科学学院知识库

传统金融服务出于信息采集、服务门槛、风险控制等原因难以实现农户的融资需求，一定程度上阻碍了生态农业发展；而数字普惠金融拓宽了农业资本要素的获取渠道，为农业生态效率的进一步提升奠定了基础。基于此，应针对数字普惠金融对农业生态效率影响的机制、路径与模式进行研究。
文章基于农业可持续发展理论、空间计量经济学理论和极化-涓滴理论，运用超效率DEA-SBM模型、随机前沿分析方法、莫兰指数检验以及空间杜宾模型，剔除环境因素、随机扰动和管理无效带来的影响，进行农业生态效率测度，探究空间聚集关系、各变量间相互作用，并进行空间溢出效应分析。主要结论如下：
(1)数字普惠金融出于门槛低、效率高，减少信息不对称、促进科技进步，以及农业生产的特殊性三方面因素，对农业生态效率提升的促进作用显著，且具有空间溢出效应。
(2)中国农业生态效率表现为先上升、后下降、再上升的趋势，总体位于高水平区间，生态效率最高省份同最低省份差距较大，省际差异明显。此外，政策因素和环境因素也是导致某些省份农业生态效率与实际不符的成因，故农业生态效率虚高的省份应找准自身症结、对症下药；农业生态效率偏低的省份应排除不利因素，切实提高生态效率，将干扰因素对自身影响降到最小。
(3)数字普惠金融能有效助力本地区及其相邻省份和地区农业生态效率的提高；城镇化率、科研投入、农村人力资本和农业资源禀赋因素对农业生态效率的影响也表现出不同的直接效应和间接效应。
基于上述分析，我国应加强生态农业建设顶层设计，因地制宜解决省际差异问题，同时采取措施增强数字普惠金融的正外部性，注重数字普惠金融建设与其他因素相匹配，以促进知识与技术的流通，多角度助力生态农业发展。

Traditional financial services are difficult to meet the financing needs of farmers due to information collection, service threshold, risk control and other reasons, which hinders the development of ecological agri-culture to a certain extent. Digital inclusive finance broadens the access to agricultural capital factors and lays a foundation for further improvement of agricultural eco-efficiency. Based on this, the mechanism, path and mode of the impact of digital inclusive finance on agricultural eco-efficiency should be studied.
Based on the theory of agricultural sustainable development, spatial econometrics and polarization-trickle-down theory, this paper uses su-per-efficiency DEA-SBM model, stochastic frontier analysis method, Moran 's index test and spatial Durbin model to eliminate the influence of environmental factors, random disturbance and management inefficiency, measure agricultural eco-efficiency, explore spatial aggregation relation-ship and interaction among variables, and analyze spatial spillover effect. The main conclusions are as follows :
(1) Digital inclusive finance has a significant role in promoting the improvement of agricultural eco-efficiency and has a spatial spillover effect due to three factors : low threshold, high efficiency, reducing in-formation asymmetry, promoting scientific and technological progress, and the particularity of agricultural production.
(2) China 's agricultural eco-efficiency shows a trend of rising first, then falling, and then rising again. It is generally located in a high-level interval. There is a large gap between the provinces with the highest eco-efficiency and the lowest provinces, and the inter-provincial differ-ences are obvious. In addition, policy factors and environmental factors are also the causes of the inconsistency between the agricultural ecological efficiency and the actual situation in some provinces. Therefore, the provinces with high agricultural ecological efficiency should find their own crux and suit the remedy to the case. Provinces with low agricultural eco-efficiency should eliminate unfavorable factors, effectively improve eco-efficiency, and minimize the impact of interference factors on them-selves.
(3)Digital inclusive finance can effectively help the region and its neighboring provinces and regions to improve the efficiency of agricul-tural ecology ; the influence of urbanization rate, scientific research in-vestment, rural human capital and agricultural resource endowment fac-tors on agricultural ecological efficiency also shows different direct and indirect effects.
Based on the above analysis, China should strengthen the top-level design of ecological agriculture construction, solve the problem of in-ter-provincial differences according to local conditions, and take measures to enhance the positive externalities of digital inclusive finance, pay attention to the matching of digital inclusive finance construction with other factors, so as to promote the circulation of knowledge and technology, and help the development of ecological agriculture from multiple perspectives.