金融学院知识库

  近年来，新兴科技正在加速渗透金融业各个细分的领域，在经济快速发展的背景下，随着移动互联网技术、大数据以及人工智能等前沿科技日新月异的迅猛进步及其广泛应用，金融科技与普惠金融两者间的交融互动日渐紧密且深化，有力地推动了数字普惠金融的蓬勃发展。同时，随着世界经济格局和发展模式的不断变化，商业银行也在寻找新的盈利模式填补传统盈利模式下行的趋势。与发达地区相比，西部地区地方性商业银行的区位优势不明显，数字普惠金融的发展更为缓慢，因此其盈利能力更脆弱。在此背景下，探究数字普惠金融对我国西部地区地方性商业银行盈利能力的影响，具有一定理论价值与实践意义。

  本文从以下五个方面研究数字普惠金融对西部地区地方性商业银行盈利能力影响，第一部分开篇明确研究背景与意义，为全文构建一个严谨的逻辑框架。第二部分探讨了我国数字普惠金融的基本概念及其特征，系统梳理了相关的理论基础。并分析其对商业银行盈利能力的影响机制，为后续实证提供理论依据。第三部分描述了我国西部地区数字普惠金融发展和商业银行盈利能力的现状，发现西部地区普惠金融发展水平不断完善，西部地区地方性商业银行也持续深入普惠金融数字化转型。第四部分通过选取27家商业银行2013年-2022年的数据作为研究样本，构建面板数据和固定效应模型进行实证分析，结果表明：第一，数字普惠金融的发展对我国西部地区地方性商业银行盈利能力表现为先抑制后促进的“U”型影响。即在发展前期，数字普惠金融对我国西部地区地方性商业银行的盈利能力产生了冲击，造成了西部地区地方性商业银行盈利能力的下降。但随着数字普惠金融不断深化发展，其对商业银行盈利能力的助推作用不断显现。第二，机制检验结果发现数字普惠金融可以通过成本端和业务端对西部地区地方性商业银行盈利能力产生影响，且银行的净息差和总成本是影响其盈利能力的关键传导路径。第三，异质性方面，按照银行的分布区域和类型分成不同的子样本，分析结果显示，数字普惠金融对西部地区城商行盈利能力的影响依旧呈“U”型关系，但是数字普惠金融与农商行盈利能力的“U”型关系在统计学上并不显著；而数字普惠金融对西南地区商业银行盈利能力“U”型影响的拐点较西北地区更大。最后，本文结合理论和实证分析的结果进行总结，并从商业银行应借助金融科技提升盈利水平，增强核心竞争力，提高风控能力以及完善监管框架等方面提出相关建议。

    In recent years, emerging technologies are accelerating the penetration of various segments of the financial industry. Under the background of rapid economic development, with the rapid progress and wide application of cutting-edge technologies such as mobile Internet technology, big data and artificial intelligence, the integration and interaction between financial technology and inclusive finance are increasingly close and deepening, which has effectively promoted the vigorous development of digital inclusive finance. At the same time, with the continuous changes in the world economic pattern and development model, commercial banks are also looking for new profit models to fill the downward trend of traditional profit models. Compared with developed regions, the location advantages of local commercial banks in the western region are not obvious, and the development of digital inclusive finance is slower, so its profitability is more fragile. In this context, it is of certain theoretical value and practical significance to explore the impact of digital inclusive finance on the profitability of local commercial banks in western China.

    This paper studies the impact of digital inclusive finance on the profitability of local commercial banks in the western region from the following five aspects. The first part begins with a clear research background and significance, and builds a rigorous logical framework for the full text. The second part discusses the basic concepts and characteristics of digital inclusive finance in China, and systematically combs the relevant theoretical basis. And analyze its impact mechanism on the profitability of commercial banks, and provide a theoretical basis for subsequent empirical research. The third part describes the current situation of the development of digital inclusive finance and the profitability of local commercial banks in the western region of China. It is found that the development level of inclusive finance in the western region has been continuously improved, and commercial banks in the western region have also continued to deepen the digital transformation of inclusive finance. In the fourth part, by selecting the data of 27 commercial banks from 2013 to 2022 as the research sample, the panel data and fixed effect model are constructed for empirical analysis. The results show that : First, the development of digital inclusive finance has a ' U ' -shaped impact on the profitability of local commercial banks in the western region of China. In the early stage of development, digital inclusive finance had an impact on the profitability of local commercial banks in the western region of China, resulting in a decline in the profitability of local commercial banks in the western region. However, with the deepening development of digital inclusive finance, its role in promoting the profitability of commercial banks is constantly emerging. Secondly, the mechanism test results show that digital inclusive finance has an impact on the profitability of local commercial banks in the western region through credit business in the early stage of development. Digital inclusive finance narrows the net interest margin of banks and reduces the profitability of banks. Thirdly, in terms of heterogeneity, it is divided into different sub-samples according to the distribution area and type of banks. The analysis results show that the impact of digital inclusive finance on the profitability of urban commercial banks in the western region is still ' U ' -shaped, but the ' U ' -shaped relationship between digital inclusive finance and the profitability of rural commercial banks is not statistically significant. The inflection point of the ' U ' -shaped impact of digital inclusive finance on the profitability of commercial banks in the southwest region is greater than that in the northwest region. Finally, this paper summarizes the results of theoretical and empirical analysis, and puts forward relevant suggestions from the aspects that commercial banks should enhance their core competitiveness, improve their profitability with the help of financial technology, and improve the regulatory framework.