统计与数据科学学院知识库

党的二十大报告中指出要实现高质量发展，丰富人民精神世界，实现全体人民共同富裕，但中国城市和农村之间的收入差距和发展差距持续存在，这对社会稳定和经济发展构成挑战，也影响着人民群众的幸福感和社会公平，城乡融合作为城乡关系的全新描述，已然成为有效推进乡村全面振兴、定位新型城乡关系、缩小收入差距的必然选择与关键着力点。因此，深入探讨城乡融合对城乡收入差距的影响有着重要的现实意义。本文首先梳理分析了城乡融合和城乡收入差距的相关理论，测度城乡收入差距现状，建立了一个包含五个层次的指标体系，以综合评价2010年至2021年间全国285个地级市城乡融合发展水平，运用熵权法模型和障碍模型来衡量这些城市的城乡融合发展情况；其次，通过固定效应模型探究综合发展水平对城乡收入差距的直接影响，再通过异质性分析来深入探究不同地区城乡融合发展对城乡收入差距的影响；最后，根据研究结论，提供有针对性的政策建议。

本文的主要研究结果显示：（1）我国各维度城乡融合的发展趋势都是向好的，人口融合与经济融合是城乡融合过程中的主要障碍因素，且我国城乡融合水平在不同地区与不同的城市规模下具有分层效应。（2）城乡融合水平的提高在总体上可以显著缩小城乡收入差距。具体来看，城乡融合对收入差距的缩小具有区域效应，在东部地区的效果更为显著；城乡融合对收入差距的缩小具有城镇效应，在低城镇化率的地区更为明显；城乡融合对收入均衡具有规模效应，在城区人口大于 1000 万或者小于 300 万的城市中，城乡融合对收入差距的缩小作用更为显著。

The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out the need to achieve high-quality development, enrich the spiritual world of the people, and achieve common prosperity for all people. However, the income gap and development gap between urban and rural areas in China continue to exist, which poses a challenge to social stability and economic development, and also affects the happiness and social equity of the people. As a new description of urban-rural relations, urban-rural integration has become an inevitable choice and key focus for effectively promoting comprehensive rural revitalization, positioning new urban-rural relations, and narrowing income gaps. Therefore, in-depth exploration of the impact of urban-rural integration on the urban-rural income gap has important practical significance. This article first reviews and analyzes the relevant theories of urban-rural integration and urban-rural income gap, measures the current situation of urban-rural income gap, and establishes a five level indicator system to comprehensively evaluate the urban-rural integration development level of 285 prefecture level cities in China from 2010 to 2021. The entropy weight method model and obstacle model are used to measure the urban-rural integration development of these cities; Secondly, explore the direct impact of comprehensive development level on urban-rural income gap through a fixed effects model. Through heterogeneity analysis, explore the impact of urban-rural integration development in different regions on urban-rural income gap in depth; Finally, based on the research findings, provide targeted policy recommendations.