经济学院知识库

      坚持创新驱动发展，集中力量实现科技原创性攻坚克难，是目前高质量发展阶段的重大任务之一。人才与资本作为创新活动重要战略资源，如何吸引要素流入、提高区域要素集聚程度，对于全面推动创新发展具有重要意义。进入新时代后，人民对美好生活需要日益增长，完善的城市公共服务和多元化的发展机会等城市品质逐渐成为推动人才迁移的重要因素，资本的逐利性质也驱使其往开放水平更高、制度环境更完善、市场化程度更高的区域进行投资活动。因此，本文通过建立“城市品质、要素集聚、城市创新能力”三者的理论模型，利用我国 2011—2021 年 268 个地级及以上城市的面板数据，对城市品质、要素集聚与城市创新能力提升之间的影响展开研究，旨在为制定提高我国创新驱动发展水平的对策建议提供理论支持。
      本文首先基于相关理论，对城市品质促进城市创新能力的直接影响与间接影响进行分析；其次从经济发展、社会人文、公共服务、生态环境和居民生活五个维度构建城市品质的评价指标体系，采用熵权法和变异系数测度并分析了我国城市品质的时空演变特征；再次运用固定效应模型验证城市品质对城市创新能力的影响及作用机制；此外运用空间杜宾模型探讨城市品质对城市创新能力的空间溢出效应；最后根据本文实证结果，为提升城市创新能力提出对策建议，具体为：塑造新优势，以城市品质驱动创新发展；重视区域发展差异，精准提高城市品质；优化城市品质供给，实现创新要素集聚提质增效；发挥中心城市引领作用，强化区域创新溢出效应。通过实证研究，本文得出以下结论：
      （1）我国城市品质及其各维度品质均呈现改善趋势，但是总体发展水平仍较低，且东部地区远超中西部和东北地区，区域内及区域间差距基本均有所扩大，城市品质发展不协调问题仍较为严峻；
      （2）我国城市品质改善对创新能力提升具有显著促进作用，且东、中部地区及特大城市、小城市和中小城市内优化城市品质对提升城市创新能力存在显著的正向影响，而西部、东北地区和超大城市虽表现为正向作用，但是并不显著。同时，城市品质的优化改善，会通过吸引人力与物质资本集聚，从而促进城市创新发展。
      （3）在地理距离权重矩阵下，本地城市品质的改善能够带动邻近城市创新能力的提升；但在经济距离权重矩阵下，城市品质对城市创新能力提升的溢出效应显著为负，说明经济发达的中心城市对周边落后城市的虹吸效应较大。

      It is one of the major tasks in the current stage of high-quality development to adhere to innovation-driven development and concentrate on achieving originality in science and technology to overcome difficulties. Talent and capital are important strategic resources for innovation activities. How to attract factor inflow and improve the degree of regional factor agglomeration is of great significance to comprehensively promote the development of innovation. After entering the new era, people's need for a better life is growing day by day. Urban quality, such as perfect urban public services and diversified development opportunities, has gradually become an important factor to promote talent migration. The profit-seeking quality of capital also drives it to invest in regions with a higher level of openness, a better institutional environment and a higher degree of marketization. Therefore, tBy establishing the theoretical model of "urban quality, factor agglomeration and urban innovation ability", this paper uses the panel data of 268 prefecture-level and above cities in China from 2011 to 2021 to study the influence between urban quality, factor agglomeration and urban innovation ability improvement, aiming to improve the theoretical support for formulating countermeasures and suggestions to improve the level of innovation-driven development in China.
      Based on relevant theories, this paper firstly analyzes the direct and indirect influences and spatial spillover effects of urban quality in promoting urban innovation ability. Secondly, the evaluation index system of urban quality was constructed from five dimensions: economic development quality, social and humanistic quality, public service quality, ecological environment quality and residents' life quality, and the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of urban quality in China were measured and analyzed by using the entropy weight method and coefficient of variation. Thirdly, the fixed effect model was used to verify the impact and mechanism of city quality on urban innovation ability. In addition, the spatial Durbin model was used to discuss the spillover effect of urban quality on urban innovation capability. Finally, according to the empirical results of this paper, the paper puts forward to promote the improvement of urban innovation ability, which are as follows: shaping new advantages and driving innovative development with urban quality, pay attention to regional development differences and accurately improve the urban quality, optimize the supply of urban quality and realize the agglomeration of innovative elements to improve quality and efficiency, give full play to the leading role of central cities and strengthen the spillover effect of regional innovation. The following conclusions are drawn from this study:
      (1) The development of urban quality and its different dimensions in China showed an improvement trend, but the overall development level was still low, and the eastern region far exceeded the central, western and northeastern regions, and the gap between regions and regions was basically widened, and the problem of uncoordinated development of urban quality was still relatively severe.
      (2) The improvement of urban quality has a significant promoting effect on the improvement of innovation capability, and the optimization of urban quality in the eastern and central regions as well as in the megacities, small cities and small and medium-sized cities has a significant positive effect on the improvement of urban innovation capability, while the western and northeast regions and the large cities have a positive effect, but it is not significant. At the same time, the optimization and improvement of urban quality will promote the innovative development of the city by attracting the agglomeration of human and physical capital.
      (3) Under the geographical distance weight matrix, the improvement of local urban quality can promote the improvement of innovation ability of neighboring cities. However, under the economic distance weighting matrix, the urban quality significantly negative spillover effect on innovation ability promotion, shows that the center of the economically developed city of surrounding cities backward siphon effect is greater.