法学院知识库

随着数字化进程的不断深入推进，互联网领域的经济竞争活动也日趋激烈，同时该行业的不公平竞争现象展现出多元化和错综复杂的局面，不断涌现出各种新的不正当竞争行为。这一环境下，互联网数据的经济意义愈发显著，已经演变成互联网经营者之间竞争的关键要素。

作为一项中立的数字技术，正当的数据抓取可以提高数据在经营者之间流通的效率。但不可否认的是，部分互联网经营者为了获取竞争利益，占据市场地位，往往铤而走险以不正当的数据抓取手段来破坏健康有序的市场竞争秩序和竞争机制。加之《中华人民共和国反不正当竞争法》（以下简称《反不正当竞争法》）在规制不正当的数据抓取行为时，存在着一般条款的过度依赖、专门条款的缺失以及竞争关系的认定存在偏差等问题，因此我们亟须对于数据抓取行为的反不正当竞争法规制问题进行分析和研究，并针对相应地问题从立法、司法层面提供完善建议，进而保证互联网市场经济发展的行稳致远。

本文首先对于数据抓取行为的概念、特征以及类型进行了阐述，以理论基础为出发点，提出了目前数据抓取行为反不正当竞争法的理论基础，具体包括数字财产化理论、注意力经济理论以及搭便车理论。随后指出规制不正当的数据抓取行为必须遵循最低损害和利益平衡这两项基本原则。本文在梳理经典司法案例的基础上，指出了当前我国在该行为的规制方面仍然存在着专门条款缺失、不正当认定偏差以及救济制度滞后等问题。结合国内外对于不正当数据抓取行为的研究经验和研究成果，分析了《反不正当竞争法（征求意见稿）》有关数字经济的最新内容，并针对现存问题提出了四个方面的完善建议，以期能有力规范不正当的数据抓取行为，从而保障互联网行业的持续健康发展。

With the deepening of the digitization process, the economic competition activities in the Internet field are becoming increasingly fierce, and the unfair competition phenomenon in the industry shows a diversified and complicated situation, and various new unfair competition behaviors continue to emerge. In this environment, the economic significance of Internet data has become increasingly significant and has evolved into a key element of competition among Internet operators.

As a neutral digital technology, proper data capture can improve the efficiency of data flow between operators. However, it is undeniable that some Internet operators, in order to obtain competitive benefits and occupy market position, often take risks to destroy the healthy and orderly market competition order and competition mechanism by improper data capture means. In addition, when regulating unfair data capture, the Anti-Unfair Competition Law has some problems, such as over-reliance on general provisions, absence of special provisions, and deviation in the identification of competition relations. Therefore, it is urgent for us to analyze and study the anti-unfair competition law regulation of data capture behaviors, and provide suggestions for improving the corresponding problems from the legislative and judicial levels. So as to ensure the steady and long-term development of the Internet market economy.

Firstly, this paper expounds the concept, characteristics and types of data grabbing behavior. Based on the theoretical basis, it puts forward the theoretical basis of the current anti-unfair competition law of data grabbing behavior, including the theory of digital property, the attention economy theory and the free rider theory. Then it is pointed out that the regulation of improper data capture must follow the two basic principles of minimum damage and interest balance. On the basis of reviewing the classic judicial cases, this paper points out that there are still some problems in the regulation of this behavior, such as the lack of special provisions, the deviation of improper identification and the lag of the relief system. Based on the domestic and foreign research experience and research results on unfair data grabbing behavior, this paper analyzes the latest content of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law (Draft for Comment) on the digital economy, and puts forward four suggestions to improve the existing problems, in order to effectively regulate the unfair data grabbing behavior, so as to ensure the sustainable and healthy development of the Internet industry.