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党的二十大报告指出，高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务。新能源汽车作为我国的重点发展产业，其盈利质量对我国高质量发展目标的实现发挥着重要作用。为了推动新能源汽车行业稳健发展，我国出台了多项补贴政策，然而近年受国家公共安全事件的冲击及政府补贴退坡影响，新能源汽车行业在核心技术研发突破、市场占有率等方面遭遇挑战。因此行业的盈利质量成为业界瞩目的焦点，长城汽车对行业贡献有目共睹，其盈利质量值得深入研究。

本文基于我国新能源汽车行业发展背景，对有关盈利质量的国内外研究文献进行分类整理，阐述了本文的整体研究框架和所使用的研究方法，并简要介绍相关概念和理论基础。文章立足于长城汽车盈利模式，基于五个维度，选取20个指标确定盈利质量评价指标体系。将熵权法及灰色关联分析法作为长城汽车盈利质量评价方法，以实现纵向综合分析。以长城汽车为研究对象，选取比亚迪、上汽集团及行业均值2015-2022年的财务数据为对比，深入探究长城汽车盈利质量的影响因素。首先使用熵权法对长城汽车盈利质量指标权重进行计算，找出对企业盈利质量影响较大的因素，其次通过灰色关联模型计算得出长城汽车年度盈利质量排名；根据评价结果对重要的指标进行具体分析，研究结果表明，长城汽车的盈利质量在获利性、收现性和稳定性和结构性方面还有待提高；在此基础上本文提出优化盈利质量的具体建议，期望能改善其盈利质量，同时为同行业企业在盈利质量评价方法上的完善提供有价值的参考。

关键词： 盈利质量 熵权法 灰色关联分析法 长城汽车

The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that high-quality development is the primary task of building a modern socialist country. As a key development industry in China, the profitability quality of new energy vehicles plays an important role in the realization of China's high-quality development goals. However, due to the emergence of national public security incidents in recent years and the decline of national financial subsidies, there are many deficiencies in the new energy vehicle industry in terms of core technology research and development breakthroughs and market share. Therefore, the profitability quality of the new energy automobile industry has attracted much attention, and Great Wall Motors has made great contributions to China's new energy industry, and its profitability quality is worthy of in-depth study.

Based on the development background of China's new energy vehicle industry, this paper classifies the domestic and foreign research literature on profit quality, expounds the overall research framework and research methods used in this paper, and briefly introduces the relevant concepts and theoretical foundations. Based on the profit model of Great Wall Motors, this paper selects 20 indicators to determine the profit quality evaluation index system based on five dimensions. The entropy weight method and grey correlation analysis method were used as the methods to evaluate the profit quality of Great Wall Motors to achieve longitudinal comprehensive analysis. Taking Great Wall Motor as the research object, the financial data of BYD,SAIC and industry average from 2015 to 2022 are selected as a comparison to explore the influencing factors of Great Wall Motor's profit quality. Firstly, the entropy weight method is used to calculate the weight of Great Wall Motor's earnings quality index to find out the factors that have a greater impact on the company's earnings quality, and secondly, the gray correlation model is used to calculate the annual earnings quality ranking of Great Wall Motor. According to the specific analysis of the indicators , the research results show that the profitability quality of Great Wall Motors needs to be improved in terms of profitability, cashability, stability, sustainability and growth. On this basis, this paper puts forward specific suggestions for optimizing the profitability quality, hoping to improve its profit quality, and also provide reference for enterprises in the same industry to improve the profitability evaluation methods.

Keywords：Profitability Quality; The Entropy Weight Method; Grey Relation Analysis; Great Wall Motor Company Limited