法学院知识库

药品集中采购制度是医药领域的大问题，关系国计民生，关系医改成败。从法律角度而言，其涉及问题众多。本文将主要集中在药品集中采购立法冲突、法律性质、采购主体法律定位、集中采购中的垄断风险、集中采购信息公开、药品集中采购有公众参与以及监督方面的法律问题。

论文具体结构和基本内容如下：

第一部分，界定本文所研究之“药品集中采购”之概念，并简要概述我国药品集中采购制度的演变、实践现状采购模式和我国药品集中采购的主要特征和集中竞价、信息不对称、弱势群体、公平竞争等支撑药品集中采购的经济学社会学理论。

第二部分，分析我国有关药品集中采购的立法方面的具体现状，分析我国药品集中采购的主要特征，分析我国药品采购方面缺乏统一立法，且立法存在矛盾；集中采购的法律性质不明，导致法律适用中产生许多问题；采购机构的法律定位模糊，缺乏对采购中的垄断问题的有效规制；采购信息公开不够，公众参与基本缺失、监督权力碎片化等主要法律问题。

第三部分，有关国外药品采购制度的借鉴。主要通过分析美国、英国、德国的药品采购制度，总结各国的采购方式和利弊，通过对其他国家制度的研究，得出我国的药品采购制度的启示。

第四部分，在前述分析研究和对比借鉴的基础上，对本文分析指出的药品集中采购方面存在的主要法律问题提出了：统一的药品集中采购立法，协调法律适用冲突；明确药品集中采购的法律性质；明确采购主体法律定位；完善药品集中采购的信息公开制度；针对性地完善药品集中采购招投标制度；规制药品集中采购中的反垄断行为；建立充分有效的监管职权划分体制；建立药品集中采购的公众参与和监督制度等对策建议。

论文所选问题，是本人认为在药品集中采购领域重要的，且尚有争议，又是该领域亟待解决的基本问题。虽然限于水平，有些分析并不能细致和深刻，但还是力图对该领域的法律问题的有效解决，构建一个相对体系化的对策思路。

Centralized drug procurement system is a major problem in the field of medicine, related to the national economy and people's livelihood, related to the success or failure of medical reform. From a legal point of view, there are many problems involved. This paper will mainly focus on the legislative conflict, legal nature, legal positioning of procurement subjects, monopoly risk in centralized procurement, centralized procurement information disclosure, public participation and supervision of centralized procurement of drugs.

The specific structure and basic content of the paper are as follows:

The first part defines the concept of "centralized drug procurement" studied in this paper, and briefly summarizes the evolution of China's centralized drug procurement system, the current practice of the procurement mode, the main characteristics of China's centralized drug procurement, and the economic and sociological theories supporting the centralized drug procurement, such as centralized bidding, information asymmetry, vulnerable groups, and fair competition.

The second part, the analysis of the specific status of the legislation of China's drug centralized procurement, analysis of the main characteristics of China's drug centralized procurement, analysis of the lack of unified legislation in China's drug procurement, and the existence of legislation contradictions; The legal nature of centralized procurement is unclear, which leads to many problems in the application of law. The legal position of procurement agency is vague and lacks effective regulation of monopoly in procurement. Major legal problems such as insufficient disclosure of procurement information, basic lack of public participation, and fragmentation of supervision power.

The third part is about the reference of foreign drug procurement system. Through the analysis of the drug procurement system in the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany, the procurement methods and advantages and disadvantages of various countries are summarized, and the enlightenment of China's drug procurement system is obtained through the study of other countries' systems.

In the fourth part, on the basis of the aforementioned analysis and research and comparison, the main legal problems in the centralized drug procurement pointed out in this article are put forward: unified drug centralized purchase legislation, coordination of the conflict of law application; Clarify the legal nature of centralized drug procurement; Clarify the legal positioning of the procurement subject; Improve the information disclosure system of centralized drug procurement; Improve the centralized drug procurement bidding system; Regulating anti-monopoly behavior in centralized drug procurement; Establish an adequate and effective system for the division of supervisory powers; The establishment of public participation and supervision system of centralized drug procurement and other countermeasures and suggestions.

The problems selected in this paper are important and controversial in the field of centralized drug procurement, and they are also basic problems that need to be solved urgently. Although limited to the level, some analysis can not be detailed and profound, but still try to effectively solve the legal problems in this field, and build a relatively systematic countermeasures.