MBA教育中心知识库

  中国制造2025致力于提升汽车发动机性能与环保性，以应对市场和技术挑战。发动机作为汽车心脏，对性能、燃油效率和排放至关重要。因此，优化发动机生产是中国制造业的关键研究方向。随着德国工业4.0引领的智能化、自动化趋势，中国汽车工业面临市场竞争和技术创新的双重压力。在降碳减排和电气化的潮流下，发动机行业面临挑战。面对市场竞争加剧和消费者对高品质产品的需求，优化生产流程，降低成本，提高竞争力成为企业的首要任务。

  本文通过梳理国内外有关精益生产及生产流程优化的文献资料，以一汽解放汽车发动机分公司为研究对象，首先，在本文写作背景的下，提出研究目的和意义，介绍并界定了精益生产、生产流程、生产管理、生产线平衡的概念，选择流程管理理论、6S管理理论、现场布局优化方法、基础工业工程方法等作为研究的理论基础及工具方法。其次，通过对公司生产线工位布局现状、生产线运行现状、员工管理现状及现场管理现状的分析，发现该公司生产流程存在工作效率低、资源浪费严重、生产线平衡率低、产品合格率低、员工主动性不足、现场6S管理混乱等问题。在此基础上通过布局优化方法、基础工业工程方法、访谈法及6S管理理论对造成以上问题的原因进行了分析并给出相应优化措施：T型生产线改为U型、优化物流动线、优化瓶颈工序步骤、生产线工位人力资源灵活配备、完善员工管理制度、严格实施6S管理等措施。在此基础上对造成以上问题的原因进行了分析，并针对问题的原因给出相应优化措施。最后，通过分析给予这些优化措施有效执行的制度保障和组织保障。

  综上所述，本文以一汽解放汽车发动机分公司为对象，对其发动机生产的流程优化展开研究，旨在帮助企业实施精益生产，提高发动机的生产效率和产品质量，提升企业竞争力，为企业的可持续发展奠定坚实基础，同时，也对其他制作型企业的流程优化提供借鉴。

    Made in China 2025 is committed to improving the performance and environmental friendliness of automotive engines to meet market and technological challenges. As the heart of a car, the engine is crucial for performance, fuel efficiency, and emissions. Therefore, optimizing engine production is a key research direction for China's manufacturing industry. With the trend of intelligence and automation led by Germany's Industry 4.0, the Chinese automotive industry is facing dual pressures of market competition and technological innovation. Under the trend of carbon reduction and electrification, the engine industry is facing challenges. In the face of intensified market competition and consumer demand for high-quality products, optimizing production processes, reducing costs, and improving competitiveness have become the primary tasks of enterprises.

    This article reviews literature on lean production and production process optimization both domestically and internationally, with FAW Jiefang Automobile Engine Branch as the research object. Firstly, under the background of this article, the research purpose and significance are proposed, and the concepts of lean production, production process, production management, and production line balance are introduced and defined. Process management theory, 6S management theory, on-site layout optimization method, basic industrial engineering method, etc. are selected as the theoretical basis and tool methods for the study. Secondly, through the analysis of the current layout, operation, employee management, and on-site management of the company's production line workstations, it was found that the company's production process has problems such as low work efficiency, serious resource waste, low production line balance rate, low product qualification rate, insufficient employee initiative, and chaotic on-site 6S management. On this basis, the reasons for the above problems were analyzed through layout optimization methods, basic industrial engineering methods, interview methods, and 6S management theory, and corresponding optimization measures were proposed: changing the T-shaped production line to a U-shaped one, optimizing logistics flow lines, optimizing bottleneck process steps, flexibly allocating human resources at production line workstations, improving employee management systems, and strictly implementing 6S management. On this basis, the causes of the above problems were analyzed, and corresponding optimization measures were proposed for the causes of the problems. Finally, by analyzing the institutional and organizational guarantees provided for the effective implementation of these optimization measures.

    In summary, this article focuses on the optimization of the engine production process of FAW Jiefang Automotive Engine Branch, aiming to assist enterprises in implementing lean production, improving engine production efficiency and product quality, enhancing enterprise competitiveness, laying a solid foundation for sustainable development, and also providing reference for process optimization of other manufacturing enterprises.