金融学院知识库

    “因病返贫”是当前巩固脱贫成果重点关注的问题。现如今我国已经消除了绝对贫困，脱贫攻坚取得了全面胜利，但是仍存在一定数量的贫困边缘人群。这部分群体处于非贫困状态，但是应对经济不确定性能力较差而呈现出脆弱性特征。健康风险作为关键性环境风险因素，是贫困边缘家庭致贫返贫的主要风险源头。而经济脆弱性这一前瞻性的概念主要是指，个人或者家庭在未来陷入经济困境并发生潜在经济危机的可能性。将经济脆弱性的指标纳入认识和把握防范化解重大风险，思考如何缓解城乡家庭的经济脆弱性，具有重要意义。

    基于上述背景，本文聚焦于探讨我国城乡家庭的经济脆弱性问题，探究商业健康保险在缓解我国城乡家庭经济脆弱性方面的作用及其有效性。为此，本文首先对国内外相关文献进行了整理归纳。在此基础上，将商业健康保险、经济脆弱性以及因病致贫与因病返贫的概念进行界定，并在参考了贫困动态性理论、能力贫困理论、非确定性消费理论以及健康贫困陷阱理论的基础上，分析商业健康保险对我国城乡家庭经济脆弱性的影响机制。在实证研究部分，文章选取中国家庭金融调查数据库（CHFS）中的2015、2017、2019年三轮家庭追踪数据，并运用VEP法，以家庭人均收入对家庭福利水平进行衡量，进而测算出样本家庭的经济脆弱性指标。最后，对所选取的三期平衡面板数据运用双向固定效应模型进行实证检验，分析商业健康保险对我国城乡家庭经济脆弱性是否具有缓解效果以及缓解程度，并对实证结果进行内生性以及稳健性检验。

     同时，分不同区域以及不同收入群体进行异质性分析，结果显示商业健康保险对于西部地区以及低收入家庭的缓解效应更加显著。最后，基于实证结果，从家庭、政府、保险公司三个角度提出相关政策建议。

      "Returning to poverty due to illness" is currently a key concern in consolidating the achievements. Nowadays, China has eliminated absolute poverty and achieved comprehensive victory in poverty alleviation, but there is still a certain number of people on the edge of poverty. This group is in a non poverty state, but has poor ability to cope with economic uncertainty and exhibits fragility characteristics. Health risk, as a key environmental risk factor, is the main source of risk for families on the edge of poverty to return to poverty. The forward-looking concept of economic vulnerability mainly refers to the possibility of individuals or families falling into economic difficulties and potential economic crises in the future. It is of great significance to incorporate indicators of economic vulnerability into understanding and grasping the prevention and resolution of major risks, and to consider how to alleviate the economic vulnerability of urban and rural households.

         Based on the above background, this article focuses on exploring the economic vulnerability of urban and rural households in China, and exploring the role and effectiveness of commercial health insurance in alleviating the economic vulnerability of urban and rural households in China. Therefore, this article first summarized relevant literature at home and abroad. On this basis, the concepts of commercial health insurance, economic vulnerability, and poverty caused by illness and return to poverty are defined. Based on the reference of poverty dynamics theory, capacity poverty theory and so on,the impact mechanism of commercial health insurance on the economic vulnerability in China is analyzed. In the empirical research section, this article selects three rounds data from the China Household Finance Survey Database in 2015, 2017, and 2019, and uses the VEP method to measure the level of household welfare based on per capita household income, and then calculates the economic vulnerability index of the sample households. Finally, a bidirectional fixed effects model was used to empirically test the selected balanced panel data of the three periods, analyzing whether commercial health insurance has a alleviating effect on the economic vulnerability of urban and rural households in China and the degree of alleviation. The endogeneity and robustness of the empirical results were also tested.

      At the same time, heterogeneity analysis was conducted on different regions and income groups, and the results showed that commercial health insurance had a more significant alleviating effect on the western region and low-income families. Finally, based on empirical results, this article proposes relevant policy recommendations from three perspectives: households, government, and insurance companies.