经济学院知识库

长期以来，在人为因素和自然因素的双重影响下，中国耕地质量状况逐渐恶化、基础地力下降，弱化了粮食的持续产出能力。保护性耕作技术是破解这种困境的有效举措，为耕地质量保护提供了一条新路径，能够带来潜在的经济、社会和生态效益。然而，当前我国的现状是，保护性耕作技术采纳水平不高。要想提高保护性耕作技术采纳水平，促进保护性耕作技术在农村地区的顺利推广，农户是出发点。资本禀赋是农户先天及后天获得的重要禀赋条件，很大程度上制约着农户的保护性耕作技术采纳行为。同时，农户在保护性耕作技术的采纳决策过程中会理性权衡产出和支出，进而形成自身对保护性耕作技术的价值感知。因此，研究资本禀赋、价值感知和农户保护性耕作技术采纳行为的关系，对增强农户保护性耕作技术采纳动机，实现农业高质量发展意义重大。

本文基于研究区域实情和前人研究，界定了保护性耕作技术、资本禀赋、价值感知等概念，其中从社会资本、经济资本、人力资本、物质资本和自然资本五个维度测度资本禀赋，从经济价值感知、社会价值感知和生态价值感知三个维度测度价值感知。随后，将农户行为理论、资本禀赋理论、价值感知理论和外部性理论作为本文的研究依据，探究了资本禀赋、价值感知与农户保护性耕作技术采纳行为三者之间的关系，形成本文的理论分析框架，并且提出了理论假设。随后通过统计指标分析了农户对保护性耕作技术的价值感知水平和资本禀赋水平及保护性耕作技术的采纳现状。最后建立有序Logistic模型与中介效应模型进行实证分析。首先探究了资本禀赋、价值感知是否直接影响农户保护性耕作技术采纳行为，其次分析了价值感知是否会通过资本禀赋间接影响农户保护性耕作技术采纳行为。结果表明：（1）从总体来看，配套性保护性耕作技术的采纳水平不高。具体来看，有机肥施用技术和病虫害防治技术的采纳水平较高，而测土配方施肥技术和秸秆还田技术的采纳水平较低。（2）农户对保护性耕作技术的价值感知水平较高。超过一半的农户认同采纳保护性耕作技术所带来的预期经济效益，七成左右的农户认同采纳保护性耕作技术所带来的社会效益和生态效益。（3）资本禀赋方面，经济资本、人力资本和自然资本均显著正向促进农户保护性耕作技术采纳行为。价值感知方面，经济价值感知、社会价值感知和生态价值感知均显著正向促进农户保护性耕作技术采纳行为。（4）价值感知在资本禀赋影响农户保护性耕作技术采纳行为的路径中存在中介效应。基于上述研究结论，从重视农户资本禀赋的积累、重视价值感知在保护性耕作技术采纳过程中的内在激励作用及政府部门加强推广和完善保障措施三个方面提出促进农户采纳保护性耕作技术的提升路径。

For a long time, under the dual influence of human and natural factors, the quality of China's arable land has gradually deteriorated and the underlying soil strength has declined, weakening its ability to produce food on a sustainable basis. Protection farming techniques is an effective measure to break this predicament, providing a new path for arable land quality protection, which can bring potential economic, social and ecological benefits.However, the present situation in the country is that the degree of acceptance of protection farming techniques is not great.To improve the adoption level of protection farming techniques and to promote the smooth spread of protection farming techniques in rural areas, farmers are the starting point. Capital endowment is an important endowment condition acquired by farmers both innately and later, which largely constrains the adoption behaviour of protection farming techniques by farmers. At once, farmers will rationally weigh outputs and expenditures in the decision-making process of adopting protection farming techniques,this in turn shapes their own values perceptions of protection farming techniques.Therefore, examining the relationship between capital endowment, value perception and farmers' protection farming techniques adoption behaviour is of great relevance to strengthening farmers' motivation to adopt protection farming techniques and achieving high-quality agricultural progress, in order to increase motivation of farmers to adopt protection farming techniques and achieve high-quality development of agriculture.

This paper defines the concepts of protection farming techniques, capital endowment and value perception based on the actual situation of the study area and previous studies, in which capital endowment is measured in five dimensions: social capital, economic capital, human capital, physical capital and natural capital, and value perception is estimated in three dimensions: the perception of economic worth, the perception of social worth, and the perception of ecological worth.Subsequently, the theory of farmers' behaviour, the theory of capital endowment, the theory of value perception and the theory of externality were used as the research basis of this paper to explore the relationship between capital endowment, value perception and farmers' adoption behaviour of protection farming techniques, developing the theoretical frame of analysis for this paper and to put forward the theoretical assumptions. Thereafter, the perception of the level of worth, capital endowment level and take-up level of protection farming techniques by farmers were quantitatively analysed through statistical indicators. Finally, the ordered logistic model and mediation effect model were established to conduct empirical analyses. Firstly, we explored whether capital endowment and value perception directly affect farmers' protective farming technology adoption behaviour, and secondly, we analysed whether value perception indirectly affects farmers' protective farming technology adoption behaviour through capital endowment. The results show that: (1) In general, the adoption level of complementary protection farming techniques is not high. Specifically, the uptake of organic fertiliser application techniques and pest control techniques was found to be high, while the uptake of soil testing and fertiliser application techniques and straw return techniques was found to be low. (2) Farmers have a high level of perceived worth of protection farming techniques. More than half of the farmers agree with the expected economic benefits brought by the adoption of protection farming techniques, and about 70% of the farmers agree with the social and ecological benefits brought by the adoption of protection farming techniques. (3) In terms of capital endowment, economic assets, human assets,and natural assets, all significantly and positively promote farmers' adoption of protection farming techniques. In respect of concept of value, economic context, social context, and ecological context all significantly positively promote farmers' adoption of protection farming techniques. (4) The value perception has a moderating effect in the pathway of capital endowment influencing farmers' adoption behaviour of protection farming techniques. Based on the above conclusions, we propose a path to promote the adoption of protection farming techniques by farmers from three aspects: focusing on the accumulation of capital endowment, focusing on the intrinsic incentive role of value perception in the process of adoption of protection farming techniques, and strengthening the promotion of government departments and improving the safeguard measure.