统计与数据科学学院知识库

  健康是生命的基石，是推动社会发展的内在驱动力。在全球化和经济一体化的大背景下，国家之间的竞争愈发激烈，许多国家将健康人力资本的发展作为提高国家竞争力和保持经济持续增长的战略重点。为落实2030年可持续发展议程和国际承诺，全面提升中华民族健康素质，推动人民健康与社会经济的和谐共进，“健康中国2030”被列为国家优先发展战略。其中，健康人力资本在创造社会财富的过程中有着举足轻重的地位。

  随着人们健康水平地不断提高和医疗技术水平地不断进步，健康人力资本成为驱动经济增长的关键因素之一。鉴于此，本文首先根据Grossman健康需求曲线模型中对健康水平的衡量以及充分考虑我国居民的生活习惯、医疗条件、健康意识等多方面的实际情况，通过复合法构建健康人力资本综合指标体系；其次，基于2010-2021年中国31个省、直辖市、自治区的宏观数据，根据熵值法的客观赋权特征计算得到健康人力资本综合得分，以此来衡量我国健康人力资本水平，并对全国、各省、分区域进行比较分析；最后，基于内生增长理论，将健康人力资本引入到C-D生产函数，得到扩展后的C-D生产函数理论模型，在此基础上构建空间计量模型，通过空间自相关检验、Hausman检验、效应检验、LM检验、Wald检验、LR检验，最终选择空间杜宾模型分析健康人力资本对经济增长的影响，同时使用替换空间权重矩阵和补充变量法进行稳健性检验。

  根据分析得出以下结论：（1）健康状况以及医疗卫生权重较高，是衡量健康人力资本的重要因素，而生活方式和居住环境虽然权重稍低，但同样是衡量健康人力资本不可忽视的因素；（2）健康人力资本存在区域差异，东部地区的健康人力资本综合得分最高，中部地区和东北地区次之，而西部地区的最低。总的来说，在经济发达地区的健康人力资本综合得分较高；（3）相比于教育人力资本，健康人力资本对经济增长的影响更显著，从空间效应可知，无论是直接效应、间接效应还是总效应，健康人力资本对经济增长的影响显著为正，即具有正向空间溢出效应。（4）健康人力资本对经济增长影响存在区域异质性。根据所得结论提出以下建议：（1）加强医疗服务建设，加大医疗卫生技术投入；（2）加强妇幼保健服务，推广健康教育和科普；（3）改善居住环境质量，提升国民健康水平；（4）推动健康人力资本发展，促进经济增长；（5）平衡区域间的健康人力资本，缩小地区差异。

  Health is the cornerstone of life and the internal driving force behind social development. In the context of globalization and economic integration, competition between countries has become increasingly fierce. Many countries regard the development of healthy human capital as a strategic focus to improve national competitiveness and maintain sustained economic growth. In order to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and international commitments, comprehensively improve the health quality of the Chinese nation, and promote the harmonious progress of people's health and socio-economic development, "Healthy China 2030" has been listed as a national priority development strategy. Healthy human capital, in particular, holds a crucial position in generating social wealth.

  With the continuous improvement of people's health levels and the advancement of medical technology, healthy human capital has become one of the key factors driving economic growth. In view of this, this paper firstly constructs a comprehensive index system of health human capital based on the measurement of health level in Grossman's health demand curve model and fully considers the living habits, medical conditions, health awareness and other aspects of Chinese residents. Secondly, based on the macroeconomic data of 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China from 2010 to 2021, the comprehensive score of healthy human capital was calculated using the objective weighting characteristics of the entropy method. This score was used to measure the level of healthy human capital in China, and comparative analysis was conducted at the national, provincial, and regions; Finally, based on endogenous growth theory, healthy human capital is introduced into the C-D production function to obtain an extended theoretical model of the C-D production function. On this basis, a spatial econometric model is constructed , and the spatial autocorrelation test, Hausman test, effect test, LM test, Wald test and LR test are passed. The spatial Durbin model is selected to analyze the impact of healthy human capital on economic growth, and robustness tests are conducted using the replacement spatial weight matrix and supplementary variable method.

  Based on the analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) Health status and healthcare have a high weight, which are important factors for measuring healthy human capital. Although lifestyle and living environment have a slightly lower weight, they are also factors that cannot be ignored when measuring healthy human capital; (2) There are regional differences in health human capital, with the highest comprehensive score in the eastern region, followed by the central and northeastern regions, and the lowest in the western region. Overall, the comprehensive score of healthy human capital is higher in economically developed regions; (3) Compared to educational human capital, healthy human capital has a more significant impact on economic growth. From the spatial effect, it can be seen that whether it is a direct effect, an indirect effect, or an overall effect, the impact of healthy human capital on economic growth is significantly positive, indicating a positive spatial spillover effect; (4) There is regional heterogeneity in the impact of healthy human capital on economic growth. Based on the conclusions drawn, the following suggestions are proposed: (1) Strengthen the construction of medical services and increase investment in medical and health technology; (2) Enhance maternal and child health services, promote health education and popular science; (3) Improve the quality of living environment and enhance the national health level; (4) Promote the development of healthy human capital and promote economic growth; (5) Balance the healthy human capital between regions and narrow regional differences.