金融学院知识库

党的二十大和二十届二中全会强调“锚定建设农业强国目标，把推进乡村全面振兴作为新时代新征程‘三农’工作的总抓手”，而推进乡村振兴工作的关键点和难点在于拓展农民的增收渠道，全方位增加农民收入。财政支农水平是地方政府财政支出的一个关键部分，它对于提高农业科研水平和增加农民的收入具有极其重要的意义；数字普惠金融扩大了金融服务的覆盖面，提高资金配置效率，为农民创业、农村产业发展和农户增收提供了新路径。

2023年，甘肃省乡村人口占比和第一产业增加值占GDP的比重均高于全国平均水平，但是农村居民人均可支配收入和城乡居民收入差距均与全国平均水平相差较大。那么，甘肃省财政支农、数字普惠金融对农民收入的影响机理如何？财政支农、数字普惠金融能否促进甘肃省农民收入增长？财政支农能否通过促进甘肃省数字普惠金融的发展间接促进农民收入增长？

本文以甘肃省14个地市州的数据作为样本，并考虑地区发展差异，将样本细分为“河西地区”、“陇中地区”、“陇东南地区”三部分。利用PVAR模型探究财政支农、数字普惠金融与农民增收这三个内生变量之间的作用关系，通过脉冲响应函数探究甘肃省财政支农、数字普惠金融对农民收入的影响及其随时间变化的趋势，并验证甘肃省财政支农对数字普惠金融的影响。

研究结果表面，从全省层面上看，财政支农对数字普惠金融发展和农村居民收入增长均存在正向影响，同时数字普惠金融发展也能够促进农村增收。从不同区域看，三大区域内财政支农均能对农民收入增长起到正向效应；全省数字普惠金融对农民收入增长存在持续正向影响，且河西地区数字普惠金融对农民增收的促进作用最为明显；全省财政支农对数字普惠金融发展起到正向影响，但是陇中地区的正向效应存在短期时滞。基于上述结论，本文提出以下建议：1.合理规划财政支农支出规模；2.实施差异化的数字普惠金融发展政策；3.注重发挥财政金融联动支农效应。

The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China emphasized that "anchoring the goal of building a strong agricultural country and promoting the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside as the general starting point of the 'three rural' work in the new era and new journey", and the key point and difficulty in promoting rural revitalization is to expand the channels for farmers to increase their income and increase their income in an all-round way. As an important component of local government fiscal expenditure, financial support for agriculture is of great significance for improving the level of agricultural scientific research and increasing peasants' incomes. Digital inclusive finance expands the coverage of financial services, improves the efficiency of capital allocation, and provides a new path for farmers to start a business, develop rural industries, and increase farmers' income.

Gansu Province exhibits a higher proportion of added value from the primary industry in its GDP compared to the national average in 2022.Similarly, the rural population proportion in Gansu surpasses the national mean. Nonetheless, there are notable differences in the per capita disposable income among rural dwellers and the income disparity between urban and rural residents, diverging notably from the national averages. What is the impact mechanism of fiscal support for agriculture and digital inclusive finance on farmers' income? Can fiscal support for agriculture and digital inclusive finance promote the growth of farmers' income in Gansu Province? Can financial support for agriculture indirectly promote the growth of farmers' income through financial support for agriculture?

Based on the data of 14 prefectures and prefectures in Gansu Province, and considering the regional development differences, this paper subdivides the sample into three parts: "Hexi region", "Longzhong region" and "southeast Longnan region", and explores the relationship between fiscal support for agriculture,. In the regression analysis using the PVAR model, the three variables of Gansu Province's fiscal support for agriculture and digital inclusive finance on rural residents' income were taken as endogenous variables, and the impact of fiscal support for agriculture and digital inclusive finance on farmers' income and their trend over time were explored through the impulse response function, and the impact of fiscal support for agriculture on digital inclusive finance was verified.

The results show that from the provincial level, fiscal support for agriculture has a positive impact on the development of digital inclusive finance and the advancement of digital inclusive finance also fosters the enhancement.From the perspective of different regions, the financial support for agriculture in the three regions can have a positive effect on the growth of farmers' income, the digital inclusive finance in Hexi region has the most obvious role in promoting the increase of farmers' income, and the financial support for agriculture in Longzhong area has a optimistic influencet on the advance of digital inclusive finance,achieving the impact of financial and fiscal collaboration in bolstering agriculture. Drawing from the aforementioned findings, this document proposes these recommendations:1.Rationally plan the scale of fiscal expenditure to support agriculture;2.Implement differentiated digital inclusive finance development policies;3.Pay attention to the effect of fiscal and financial synergy in supporting agriculture.