经济学院知识库

随着数字经济的发展，数字技术作为数字经济的核心驱动力，其渗透能力体现在方方面面。而生产要素作为经济生产的基本投入单元，要素的流动带来的区域经济差距一直是经济学研究的重要问题，而城乡差距作为区域差距中最重要的差距之一。在数字经济的发展中，数字技术是如何对要素流动产生影响并如何促进城乡协调发展的呢？在文中，一方面通过构建两部门的生产模型将生产要素都纳入到同一个框架下进行分析，在数学推导中发现由于要素收益率的差距，要素在两部门中产生流动。同时对于传统要素来说，由于数字技术的介入，可以提高传统要素的边际贡献率和转移动力，同时可以降低流动壁垒，从而加强要素在两部门的流动强度。而要素的流动产生的集聚导致了城市地区经济规模的扩大和农村地区要素收益率的增长，同时，城乡间空间集聚的差距在逐渐缩小。另一方面基于上述理论视角，通过实证分析深入探讨了数字技术对城乡协调发展的影响效应，通过2014-2021年的省际面板数据，建立了空间模型和机制检验，进行了对本文假说进一步的讨论和检验。
研究结果表明：（1）在数字技术的影响下，我国呈现出了城乡要素双向流动的特征，但在地域上表现出要素流向城市的大部分集中在东中部地区，要素流向农村的地区则大部分集中在西部地区和东北地区。（2）要素流动对城乡协调发展整体上显现出了正向作用，而在数字技术的介入对要素流动和城乡协调发展之间的影响效应表现出了显著的正向调节效应。（3）从空间表现来看，城乡协调发展的不仅受到本地区要素流动的影响，同时还显著的受到邻近地区要素流动的影响，在数字技术的介入下，这种溢出效应变得更加显著，并在总效应中再一次映证了数字技术对城乡协调发展的驱动作用。同时在异质性分析中还发现，对于西部地区和数字经济发展程度较低的地区，这种数字技术的正向调节影响远大于先发地区，即可以增强后发地区的优势，并加快转化后发利益。为此，提出如下的政策建议：1.促进城市的数字化发展，提高城市可持续发展能力；2.以促进城乡间分工为基本导向，推进农村的数字化建设进程。3.建立健全要素自由流动机制，让数字技术发挥更高的作用。

With the development of the digital economy, digital technology, as the core driving force of the digital economy, has its penetration ability reflected in every aspect. As factors of production are the basic input units of economic production, the regional economic gap brought about by the flow of factors has always been an important issue in economics research, and the urban-rural gap is one of the most important gaps in the regional gap. In the development of digital economy, how does digital technology have an impact on factor flows and how does it promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas? In the paper, on the one hand, we analyze the factors of production under the same framework by constructing the production model of the two sectors, and in the mathematical derivation, we find that the factors flow in the two sectors due to the gap of the factor yield. At the same time, for traditional factors, due to the intervention of digital technology, the marginal contribution rate and transfer power of traditional factors can be increased, and at the same time, the barriers to mobility can be lowered, thus strengthening the intensity of factor mobility in the two sectors. And the agglomeration generated by the flow of factors leads to the expansion of the economic scale in urban areas and the growth of factor yields in rural areas, and at the same time, the gap of spatial agglomeration between urban and rural areas is gradually narrowing. On the other hand we have deeply explored the influence effect of digital technology on the coordinated development of urban and rural areas through empirical analysis based on the above theoretical perspectives, and through the inter-provincial panel data from 2014-2021, spatial modeling and mechanism testing have been established to carry out further discussion and testing of this paper's hypotheses.
The results of the study show that (1)Due to the intervention of digital technology, China presents a two-way flow of factors between urban and rural areas, but geographically it shows that most of the factor flows to the cities are concentrated in the east-central region, while most of the factor flows to the rural areas are concentrated in the western region and the northeastern region. (2) Factor flows have shown a positive effect on the coordinated development of urban and rural areas as a whole, while the intervention of digital technology has shown a significant positive moderating effect on the influence between factor flows and coordinated development of urban and rural areas. (3) From the perspective of spatial performance, the coordinated development of urban and rural areas is not only affected by the factor flows in the region, but also significantly affected by the factor flows in the neighboring regions, and under the intervention of digital technology, this spillover effect becomes even more significant, and once again confirms the driving effect of digital technology on the coordinated development of urban and rural areas in the total effect. Meanwhile, in the heterogeneity analysis, it is also found that for the western region and the region with a lower degree of digital economy development, this positive moderating influence of digital technology is much larger than that of the first-initiated region, i.e., it can enhance the advantages of the latter region and accelerate the transformation of the latter's benefits. To this end, the following policy recommendations are put forward: 1. Promote the digital development of cities to improve their sustainable development capacity; 2. Promote the digital construction process in rural areas with the basic orientation of promoting the division of labor between urban and rural areas; 3. Establish a sound mechanism for the free flow of factors so that digital technology can play a higher role.