经济学院知识库

当前，我国经济已由高速增长转向高质量发展阶段，如何发挥好有效市场的决定性作用和有为政府的引导作用，处理好政府与市场的关系以适应经济发展的新需要至关重要。财政分权有利于地方政府凭借信息优势进行更好的资源配置，通过优化产业结构、供给公共服务和改善营商环境等方式弥补市场失灵，实现与市场良性互动，对于发挥制度优势对经济发展质量的激励作用、保持经济持续健康发展、加快推动经济高质量发展进程具有深远意义。
本文结合经济高质量发展的指导思想与时代内涵，从经济发展结构、经济发展效率、经济发展稳定性、经济成果共享和生态环境资源等方面构建经济发展质量综合指标体系，利用熵值法对区域经济发展质量水平进行测度与趋势研判，在此基础上，运用2010-2021年省际面板数据，构建面板模型，通过逐步回归检验、Bootstrap检验、调节效应检验、门槛效应检验等计量分析方法，实证检验财政分权对区域经济发展质量的具体影响效应。研究结果表明：
（1）我国区域经济发展质量水平整体上呈现稳步增长趋势，但存在明显的区域不均衡性，东部地区的经济发展质量明显优于中西部地区，但中西部地区的年均增长率均高于东部地区，逐渐显现出追赶效应和后发优势。（2）财政分权在整体上积极推进了区域经济发展质量，且存在先抑制后促进的“U”型非线性影响，区域经济发展质量表现出明显的累加效应。财政分权通过优化产业结构以及改善营商环境来提升区域经济发展质量，而通过地方政府偏好对区域经济发展质量产生不利影响。（3）财政分权对区域经济发展质量的影响效应存在明显的区域异质性，财政分权可以显著提升东部和中部地区的经济发展质量，对西部地区的经济发展质量有不显著的负向影响。东部和西部地区的财政分权和经济发展质量之间存在显著的“U”型关系，中部地区财政分权和经济发展质量之间的非线性关系则不明显。（4）财政分权和市场化程度二者之间的交互作用能更有效地推动区域经济向高质量发展。财政分权对经济发展质量的促进作用存在市场化门槛效应，随着市场化程度的提升而逐渐增强，表现出边际效应递增的非线性特征。为此，提出如下对策建议：从本地实际情况出发，实施差异化财政政策，促进区域间协调发展；充分发挥地方政府的信息优势和协调职能，改善人才就业创业环境，助力产学研一体化发展；通过数据分析对辖区需求和项目可行性进行研
究，对政策实施及资金使用全过程进行监督，以确保政府预算分配的效率和公正；引导公众参与，建立有效的反馈机制，拓宽公共服务供给的资金渠道；推进政府由管理型向服务型转变，完善要素市场化配置，优化营商环境等。

At present, China's economy has shifted from high-speed growth to a high-quality development stage, and it is crucial to play the decisive role of an effective market and the guiding role of a competent government, and to deal with the relationship between the government and the market in order to adapt to the new needs of economic development. Fiscal decentralization is conducive to better resource allocation by local governments with information advantages, making up for market failures by optimizing industrial structure, supplying public services and improving the business environment, and realizing benign interaction with the market, which is of far-reaching significance for giving full play to the incentive effect of institutional advantages on the quality of economic development, maintaining sustained and healthy development of the economy, and accelerating the process of promoting   high-quality development of the economy.
This paper combines the guiding ideology and contemporary connotation of high-quality economic development, constructs a comprehensive index system of economic development quality from the aspects of economic development structure, economic development efficiency, economic development stability, economic fruit sharing and ecological environment resources, utilizes entropy value method to measure the level of quality of regional economic development and trend 
research, and on the basis of which, utilizes the inter-provincial panel data of 2010-2021 to construct a panel model. panel model, empirically test the specific impact effect of fiscal decentralization on the quality of regional economic development through stepwise regression test, Bootstrap test, moderating effect test, threshold effect test and other econometric analysis methods. The research results show that:
(1) China's regional economic development quality level as a whole shows a steady growth trend, but there are obvious regional imbalances, the quality of economic development in the eastern region is significantly better than the central and western regions, but the average annual growth rate of the central and western regions are higher than that of the eastern region, which gradually reveals the catching-up effect and latecomer's advantage. (2) Fiscal decentralization has actively promoted the quality of regional economic development as a whole, and there is a "U" non-linear impact of inhibition followed by promotion, and the quality of regional economic development has shown obvious cumulative effects. Fiscal decentralization enhances the quality of regional economic development by optimizing industrial structure and improving the business environment, and adversely affects the quality of regional economic development through local government preferences. (3) There is obvious regional heterogeneity in the effect of fiscal decentralization on the quality of regional economic development. Fiscal decentralization can  significantly improve the quality of economic development in the eastern and central regions, and has a non-significant negative effect on the quality of economic development in the western region. There is a significant U-shaped relationship between fiscal decentralization and the quality of economic development in the eastern and western regions, while the non-linear relationship between fiscal decentralization and the quality of economic development in the central region is not obvious. (4) The interaction between fiscal decentralization and the degree of marketization can more effectively promote the development of regional economy to high quality. The promotion effect of fiscal decentralization on the quality of economic development has the threshold effect of marketization, which gradually increases with the increase of the degree of marketization, showing the non-linear characteristic of increasing marginal effect. To this end, the following countermeasures are proposed: implement differentiated fiscal policies to promote coordinated   inter-regional development in light of local realities; give full play to the information advantage and coordination function of local governments to improve the employment and entrepreneurial environment for talents and help integrate the development of industry-university-research institutes; study the needs of the jurisdictions and the feasibility of the projects by means of data analysis, and supervise the implementation of the policies and the whole process of the use of the funds to ensure the efficiency and 
fairness of the government's budgetary allocation efficiency and fairness; guide public participation, establish an effective feedback mechanism, and broaden the funding channels for public service provision; promote the transformation of the government from a management-oriented to a   service-oriented one, improve the market-based allocation of factors, and optimize the business environment, etc.