国际经济与贸易学院知识库

摘  要

  一方面，改革开放以来我国制造业得到快速发展，总体规模已连续十四年保持全球第一，但目前我国制造业的整体竞争力仍然“大而不强”，因此提升出口技术复杂度以增强出口竞争力仍然是我国制造业发展的重要任务。另一方面，目前数字经济的快速发展为我国制造业进行数字化转型以提高国际竞争力提供了重要契机，但目前关于制造业数字化转型影响出口技术复杂度的理论机制研究仍有不足，因此本文探究制造业影响出口技术复杂度的理论机制并分析其影响的行业异质性，对我国制造业的高质量发展具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。

  论文在文献综述、相关概念界定和我国制造业数字化转型与出口技术复杂度现状描述性分析的基础上，探讨了制造业数字化转型通过提升创新能力和开放水平、降低交易成本影响制造业出口技术复杂度的理论机制，运用比较分析法和计量分析法实证分析了数字化转型对我国出口技术复杂度的影响，并据此提出了相应的政策建议。论文的研究发现：第一，制造业数字化转型在理论上不仅可以通过提高企业创新能力途径来提升出口技术复杂度，而且可以通过降低交易成本途径来提升出口技术复杂度，还可以通过提高开放水平途径来提升出口技术复杂度；第二，2013-2021年间，我国制造业数字化水平和出口技术复杂度整体呈上升趋势，但存在内部分行业的差异性：（1）高技术制造业数字化转型指数最高，其次为低技术制造业，中技术制造业的数字化转型指数最低。（2）高技术制造业出口技术复杂度最高，中低技术制造业出口技术复杂度相差不大且相较于高技术制造业存在显著差距。（3）中技术行业出口技术复杂度的提升乏力且不稳定，低技术行业的出口技术复杂度的提升速度高于中技术行业且较为稳定；第三，实证分析显示制造业数字化转型在总体上确实对我国出口技术复杂度的提升起到了正向促进作用，创新能力、交易费用和开放水平的中介效应显著，理论机制在我国实践中得到验证；第四，实证分析显示制造业数字化转型对我国出口技术复杂度的影响效果存在分行业的差异性，高技术制造业数字化转型对出口技术复杂度的提升具有较强的促进作用，但中低技术制造业数字化转型对出口技术复杂度的影响不够显著，其主要原因是创新动力的差异、知识吸收能力方面的局限、交易成本降低作用有限以及市场的特殊性等方面因素。为此，论文提出了持续推进数字基础设施建设，加强数字化人才培养，完善对线上平台的治理，进一步提升开放水平，采取差异化、精细化的数字化转型产业政策等建议。

关键词：制造业数字化转型 出口技术复杂度 影响机制 中介效应 行业异质性

Abstract

  On the one hand, the fast development of China's manufacturing industry since the reform and opening up of China, the overall scale has been fourteen consecutive years to maintain the world's first, but at present the overall competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry is still "big but not strong". Therefore, upgrading the technological complexity of exports to increase export competitiveness remains an equally important task for the development of China's manufacturing industry. On the other hand, the rapid development of the digital economy for China's manufacturing industries to carry out digital transformation to improve international competitiveness provides an important opportunity, but the current digital transformation of the manufacturing industry to affect the export technology complexity of the theoretical mechanism of the research is still insufficient, so this paper explores the manufacturing industry to affect the export technology complexity of the theoretical mechanism and analyze the impact of the heterogeneity of the industry, the high quality of China's manufacturing industry development has an interesting theoretical value and practical significance. important theoretical value and practical significance.

  On the basis of literature review, definition of relevant concepts and descriptive analyse of the current situation of digital transformation of manufacturing industry and export technological complicatedness in China, the paper discusses the theoretical mechanism of digital transformation of manufacturing industry which affects the degree of export technological complicatedness by improving innovation ability and openness level and reducing transaction cost.

  Digital conversion of the manufacturing industry through the enhancement of innovation capacity and openness level, reduce transaction costs affect the export technology complexity of the manufacturing industry's theoretical mechanism, the use of comparative analysis and econometric analysis to verify the impact of digital transformation on China's export technology complexity, and accordingly puts forward a proposal.Using comparative analysis law and econometric analysis law, the impact of digital transformation on the technical flexibility of China's exports has been analyzed, and corresponding policy recommendations have been put forward accordingly.The paper's research findings: first, the digital transformation of manufacturing industry can theoretically improve the export technology complexity not only by improving the enterprise innovation ability pathway, but also by reducing the transaction cost pathway, and also by improving the openness level pathway; second, during 2013-2021, the level of China's manufacturing industry digitization and export technology complexity as a whole showed an upward trend, but there are differences within some industries: (1) high-tech manufacturing industry has the highest digital transformation index, followed by low-tech manufacturing and the digital transformation index of medium-tech manufacturing industry is the lowest. (2) High-tech manufacturing industry export technology complexity is the highest, medium and low-tech manufacturing industry export technology complexity is not very different and compared to the high-tech manufacturing there is a significant gap. (3) The promotion of export technology complexity of medium technology industry is weak and unstable, and the promotion speed of export technology of low technology industry is higher than that of medium technology industry and more stable; third, the empirical analysis shows that the digital transformation of manufacturing industry does play a positive role in promoting the promotion of China's export technology complexity on the whole, and the mediating effect of innovation ability, transaction cost and open level is significant, and the mechanism of theory has been verified in China's practice; fourth, the digital transformation index of high-technology manufacturing industry is the highest, and there is a significant gap compared with high-technology manufacturing industry. China's experience has been verified; fourth, empirical analysis shows that there is sub-industry variability in the effect of manufacturing digital transformation on China's export technological complexity, and the digital transformations of high-technology manufacturing industries have a strong promotional effect on the enhancement of export technological complexity, but the digital transformation of medium- and low-technology manufacturing industries does not have a significant enough effect on the export technological complexity, which is mainly due to the differences in the power of innovation, the limitations in the capacity to absorb knowledge, the limitations in the market, the limitations in the market, the limitations in the capacity to absorb knowledge, the limitations in the capacity to absorb knowledge, and the limitations in the capacity to absorb knowledge. limitations in absorption capacity, market specificity and other aspects. In this regard, the paper puts forward suggestions such as continuously promoting the development of digital infrastructure, strengthening the cultivation of digital talents, improving the governance of online platforms, further enhancing the level of openness, and adopting differentiated and refined industrial policies for digital transformation.

Keyword: Manufacturing Digitalization; Export Technology Complexity; Influencing Mechanism; Mediating Effects; Industry Heterogeneity