信息工程与人工智能学院知识库

我国物流产业发展多年，仍存在诸多问题制约其纵深发展。随着近些年共享经济兴起，物流企业共同配送走进了人们的视野。2021年商务部等9部门印发的《商贸物流高质量发展专项行动计划（2021-2025年）》中提到：鼓励物流相关企业加强信息共享；推广共同配送等集约化配送模式。在当前市场环境下，研究如何降本增效的促进现代物流产业的发展具有重要意义。针对以上问题及背景，本文尝试在城市物流末端配送运用共享经济的思维设计城市物流末端共同配送以实现物流业的降本增效。具体主要研究内容为：

（1）研究设计了多家物流企业采取城市末端共同配送运营策略的方案。独立配送时物流企业只为企业所属客户提供物流配送服务。共同配送后物流企业之间通过资源共享满足该区域的城市配送服务需求。据此设计出两种不同的共同配送策略：MDVRP式共同配送与划分聚类式共同配送。并基于此考虑了当多家企业存在共同客户时的共同配送模式。在考虑相关的配送约束下构建出相关车辆路径模型，模型优化目标为总配送成本最低。

（2）设计了效果较好的车辆路径求解算法。MDVRP式共同配送为多中心配送问题。划分聚类式共同配送对客户进行聚类再进行路径规划，此时为多个单中心配送问题。进行车辆路径求解时，设计一种引入了节约里程算法的遗传算法进行求解，将节约里程算法得到的可行解作为遗传算法的初始解进行后续求解，并利用公开数据集Solomon数据集进行算法性能测试，验证了所设计的算法在求解时的高效性。最大限度的保证了在配送路径求解时能够精确计算出车辆路径。

（3）通过案例仿真验证共同配送有效性。通过进行仿真对多企业不同环境下的独立配送和两种共同配送策略的结果进行对比分析。结果表明，无论是否存在共同客户采用共同配送方式都是一种明显降低总配送成本的方式。随后，对车辆固定成本及燃油价格进行灵敏度分析，分析资源单价发生变化时决策者对共同配送策略的选择倾向。最后，为保证物流企业合作稳定确定最优联盟加入序列。

China's logistics industry has developed for many years, and there are still many problems restricting its in-depth development. With the rise of the sharing economy in recent years, the common distribution of logistics companies has entered people's field of vision. In 2021, the Ministry of Commerce and other 9 departments issued the "Special Action Plan for the High-quality Development of Trade and Logistics (2021-2025)", which mentions that logistics-related enterprises are encouraged to strengthen information sharing, and intensive distribution models such as joint distribution are promoted. In the current market environment, it is of great significance to study how to reduce costs and increase efficiency to promote the development of modern logistics industry. In view of the above problems and backgrounds, this paper attempts to use the thinking of sharing economy to design the common distribution of urban logistics at the end of urban logistics to reduce costs and increase efficiency in the logistics industry. Specifically, the main research contents are as follows:
(1) The scheme of adopting the common distribution operation strategy of the city end of a number of logistics enterprises was studied and designed. In the case of independent distribution, the logistics company only provides logistics and distribution services for the customers of the enterprise. After joint distribution, logistics companies can meet the urban distribution service needs of the region through resource sharing. Based on this, two different co-distribution strategies are designed: MDVRP co-distribution and clustered co-distribution. Based on this, the common distribution model when multiple companies have common customers is considered. Considering the relevant distribution constraints, the relevant vehicle routing model is constructed, and the optimization goal of the model is to minimize the total distribution cost.
(2) A better vehicle path solving algorithm was designed. MDVRP-style co-distribution is a multi-center distribution problem. Divide clustered common distribution to cluster customers and then carry out path planning, which is a problem of multiple single-center distribution. When solving the vehicle path, a genetic algorithm with the introduction of the mileage saving algorithm was designed to solve the problem, and the feasible solution obtained by the mileage saving algorithm was used as the initial solution of the genetic algorithm for subsequent solving, and the performance test of the algorithm was carried out by using the public dataset Solomon dataset, which verified the efficiency of the designed algorithm in the solution. This ensures that the vehicle route can be accurately calculated when solving the distribution route.
(3) The effectiveness of co-distribution is verified through case simulation. The results of independent distribution and two common distribution strategies in different environments of multiple enterprises are compared and analyzed through simulation. The results show that the use of co-distribution is a significant way to reduce the total distribution cost regardless of whether there are joint customers or not. Subsequently, the sensitivity analysis of vehicle fixed cost and fuel price is carried out to analyze the choice tendency of decision-makers to the common distribution strategy when the unit price of resources changes. Finally, in order to ensure the stability of logistics enterprise cooperation, the optimal alliance joining sequence was determined.