经济学院知识库

      城乡融合发展不仅是推动我国城乡现代化的关键环节，同时也是中国进入高质量发展阶段的重要标志。党的二十大报告指出“坚持城乡合发展，畅通城乡要素流动”，走城乡融合发展道路的重要性逐渐凸显。据国家统计局数据显示，从 2011 年到 2022 年，我国城乡居民的人均可支配收入比值持续下降。但在推进城乡融合发展的过程中，仍然存在公共服务差距扩大、城乡一体化水平提升相对缓慢等突出问题。同时，在当下社会发展过程中，数字经济呈高速健康发展的良好态势，中国信通院发布数据显示 2022 年我国数字经济规模占 GDP 比重的41.5%。数字经济高速健康发展，逐渐为中国经济发展ᨀ 供了新的增长点，同时也为进一步优化城乡融合发展提供了新思路。因此，充分利用当前数字经济发展的历史窗口期，解决城乡发展的突出难题，成为推动城乡融合发展的关键着力点。
       基于此背景，本文以 2011 年至 2021 年间除西藏及港澳台以外的 30 个省（区、市）的相关数据为研究样本，分析数字经济影响城乡融合发展的作用机制以及实现路径。通过建立数字经济和城乡融合评价指标体系，测算我国数字经济、城乡融合发展的现状。之后采用一系列检验，验证数字经济对我国城乡融合的作用机制。最后，根据现状分析、实证分析结果ᨀ 出对策建议：筑牢数字经济促进城乡
融合的基础；注重挖掘地方比较优势，加强不同地区数字经济的关联性；发挥数字经济对城乡融合各维度的带动作用；政府强化宏观调控，制定相关政策等，以期通过这些措施和途径，更好地推动城乡融合发展。
        实证结果表明：（1）数字经济能够显著推动我国城乡融合发展；（2）在区域异质性中，东部地区数字经济显著促进城乡融合，而中部、西部及东北地区数字经济的影响不显著；在城乡融合分维度异质性中，数字经济对经济、人口和社会融合有显著正向影响，对空间融合有显著负向影响，对生态融合无显著影响；（3）技术创新、产业结构升级、要素生产效率是数字经济促进城乡融合发展的三个重要中介：技术创新发挥单门槛效应，且边际效用递减；产业结构升级发挥双重门槛效应，且效用递增；要素生产效率发挥单门槛效应，且效用递增；（4）数字经济促进城乡融合发展存在空间溢出效应，本省份数字经济发展不仅会促进本省份城乡融合发展，而且能够显著带动邻近地区城乡融合发展。

     The integrated development of urban and rural areas is not only a key link in promoting China's urban-rural modernization, but also an important symbol that China has entered a stage of high-quality development. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that "adhere to the integrated development of urban and rural areas and smooth the flow of urban and rural elements",and the importance of taking the road of integrated urban and rural development has gradually become prominent. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, from 2011 to 2022, the ratio of per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents in China continued to decline.However, in the process of promoting the integrated development of urban and rural areas, there are still outstanding problems such as the widening gap in public services and the relatively slow improvement of the level of urban-rural integration. At the same time, in the current process of social development, the digital economy is showing a good trend of rapid and healthy development, and data released by the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology shows that the scale of China's digital economy will account for 41.5% of GDP in 2022. The rapid and healthy development of the digital economy has gradually provided a new growth point for China's economic development, and at the same time, it has also provided new ideas for further optimizing the integrated development of urban and rural areas. Therefore, making full use of the current historical window period for the development of the digital economy and solving the outstanding problems of urban and rural development has become the key focus of promoting the integrated development of urban and rural areas.
      Based on this background, this paper takes the relevant data of 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) from 2011 to 2021,excluding Tibet, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, as the research sample,and analyzes the mechanism and realization path of the digital economy on the integrated development of urban and rural areas. By establishing an evaluation index system for digital economy and urban-rural integration, the current situation of China's digital economy and urban-rural integration development is calculated. Then, a series of tests were used to verify the mechanism of digital economy on the integration of urban and rural areas in China. Finally, based on the analysis of the current situation and the results of empirical analysis, some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward: build a solid foundation for the digital economy to promote urban-rural integration, pay attention to tapping local comparative advantages and strengthen the relevance of the digital economy in different regions, give full play to the leading role of the digital economy in all dimensions of urban-rural integration, and strengthen macroeconomic regulation and control of thegovernment and formulate relevant policies, so as to better promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas through these measures and ways.
     The empirical results are summarized as follows: (1) the digital economy significantly promotes the integrated development of urban and rural areas in China; (2) In the regional heterogeneity, the digital economy in the eastern region significantly promotes urban-rural integration, while the impact of the digital economy in the central, western and northeast regions is not significant. In the heterogeneity of urban-rural integration, the digital economy has a significant positive impact on economic, demographic and social integration, a significant negative impact on spatial integration, and no significant impact on ecological integration. (3) Technological innovation, industrial structure upgrading, and factor production efficiency are the three important intermediaries for the digital economy to promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas. Technological innovation plays a single threshold effect, and the marginal utility decreases. The upgrading of industrial structure plays a double threshold effect, and the effect increases; The factor production efficiency exerts a single threshold effect, and the utility increases. (4) There is a spatial spillover effect of the digital economy in promoting the integrated development of urban and rural areas, and the development of the digital economy in the provincewill not only promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas in the province, but also significantly promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas in neighboring areas.