国际经济与贸易学院知识库

  党的二十大报告提出，要加快推动货物贸易持续优化升级，创新服务贸易发展机制，发展数字贸易，加快建设贸易强国。作为数字技术与传统贸易相互融合的产物，数字贸易这一新型贸易方式在大数据、云计算等先进技术发展下应运而生，一方面带动各行各业传统的产业规模以及贸易方式的创新与变革，另一方面也推动着新时代下全球贸易的发展。在这样的背景下，生产性服务业对于数字贸易的应用不断加深，产业结构进行不断优化。与此同时，数字贸易也对生产性服务业的产业转型有极大地促进作用，从而改变了生产性服务业在全球价值链（GVC)中的地位。

  在这样的背景下，本文结合全球价值链理论、交易成本理论、技术创新等相关理论，讨论数字贸易是否影响生产性服务业GVC地位。首先，本文系统地回顾了数字贸易与全球价值链地位的相关研究，在已有理论基础上分析数字贸易对生产性服务业GVC地位的影响机制。其次，以2007年至2021年ADB MRIO的面板数据为实证样本，测算出各经济体生产性服务业GVC地位指数和参与指数，再利用UNCTAD相关数据对数字贸易进行测度，对不同经济体数字贸易与生产性服务业GVC地位的发展现状进行阐述。最后，本文应用固定效应模型，使用Stata16.0软件对各经济体数字贸易与生产性服务业GVC地位的因果关系进行实证研究，得到以下实证结论：第一，数字贸易对生产性服务业GVC地位的影响呈现出显著的倒“U”型特征。第二，数字贸易对不同收入水平国家的生产性服务业GVC地位的影响不同。第三，通过交易成本节约效应和技术创新激励效应，数字贸易能够带动企业生产数字化，提高生产效率，降低厂商的生产成本，提高市场竞争优势，让生产性服务业相关企业在全球价值链中获取更多的利润。

  基于以上结论，本文提出以下建议：各个经济体应制定符合国情的发展政策，加大数字贸易基础设施建设，推动数字技术发展创新，同时加强数字贸易规则构建，从而不断提升各个国家的生产性服务业GVC地位。

    The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to accelerate the continuous optimization and upgrading of trade in goods, innovate the development mechanism of trade in services, develop digital trade, and accelerate the construction of a trade power. As a product of the integration of digital technology and traditional trade, digital trade, a new trade mode, came into being with the development of advanced technologies such as big data and cloud computing, which on the one hand drives the innovation and transformation of the traditional industrial scale and trade methods of all walks of life, and on the other hand, it also promotes the development of global trade in the new era. In this context, the application of producer services to digital trade has been deepened, and the industrial structure has been continuously optimized. At the same time, digital trade has also greatly promoted the industrial transformation of producer services, thus changing the position of producer services in the global value chain (GVC).

    In this context, this paper discusses whether digital trade affects the GVC status of producer services based on global value chain theory, transaction cost theory, technological innovation and other related theories. First, this paper systematically reviews the research on digital trade and the status of global value chains, and analyzes the mechanism of the impact of digital trade on the GVC status of producer services on the basis of existing theories. Secondly, based on the panel data of ADB MRIO from 2007 to 2021, the GVC status index and participation index of producer services in each economy are calculated, and then the relevant data of UNCTAD are used to measure digital trade, and the development status of digital trade and GVC status of producer services in different economies is expounded. Finally, this paper uses the fixed-effect model to empirically study the causal relationship between digital trade and the GVC status of producer services in various economies using Stata 16.0 software, and obtains the following empirical conclusions: First, the impact of digital trade on the GVC status of producer services presents a significant inverted "U" shape. Second, digital trade has different impacts on the GVC status of producer services in countries with different income levels. Third, through the transaction cost saving effect and the incentive effect of technological innovation, digital trade can drive the digitalization of enterprise production, improve production efficiency, reduce the production cost of manufacturers, improve market competitive advantage, and enable producer service-related enterprises to obtain more profits in the global value chain.

    Based on the above conclusions, this paper puts forward the following suggestions: each economy should formulate development policies in line with national conditions, increase the construction of digital trade infrastructure, promote the development and innovation of digital technology, and strengthen the construction of digital trade rules, so as to continuously improve the GVC status of producer services in each country.