国际经济与贸易学院知识库

经济全球化是当今不可逆的发展趋势，企业只有持续提升创新能力才能在激烈的全球竞争中立足。党的二十大报告明确提出“强化企业科技创新主体地位；加大国际科技交流合作，加强国际化科研环境建设。”2023年的中央经济工作会议强调了以科技创新来引领现代化的产业体系建设，而且要扩大高水平的对外开放。这些都表明国家大力支持企业走自主创新的道路，多与国外先进企业交流合作，从而获得更多的技术管理经验等资源，进一步提升我国整体创新能力。

在此背景下本文分析了国际化对海尔智家技术创新的影响。首先运用文献和理论机制研究法，总结分析现有文献以及逆向技术溢出效应、人力资本效应、竞争效应和挤出效应四种影响机制理论，发现企业国际化对于企业技术创新可能是促进作用，也可能是阻碍作用。其次对海尔智家开展国际化的进程及动因，以及现在国际化的效果和技术创新现状进行分析，发现其国际化和技术创新水平都是家电行业的佼佼者，并且国际化通过上述影响机制促进了海尔智家技术创新水平。再次搜集海尔智家2008-2022年数据，运用熵权法对海尔智家国际化深度、广度以及综合程度进行了定量测度分析，发现海尔智家国际化发展趋势稳中向好。最后进行国际化程度对海尔智家技术创新影响的实证分析，发现无论是从国际化深度、广度还是综合程度来分析国际化都对海尔智家技术创新产生显著的线性正向作用，而且研发人员占比会促进技术创新，但企业成长性并不会起到促进作用。

根据研究结论，本文认为海尔智家可以通过不断提高跨境并购的整合能力，从而更深一步加强其全球化布局、全球协同能力和技术创新能力，同时应该持续深化高端品牌→场景品牌→生态品牌的三级品牌战略转型，深入数字化改革，另外还需在全球范围内加大对人才的引进、培养与激励来提升企业技术创新能力。

Economic globalization is an irreversible trend today, and enterprises can only gain a foothold in the fierce global competition by continuously improving their innovation capabilities. The report of the 20th CPC National Congress clearly stated that “the dominant position of enterprises' scientific and technological innovation must be strengthened; international scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation must be increased, and the construction of an international scientific research environment must be strengthened.” The Central Economic Work Conference in 2023 emphasized the use of technological innovation to lead the construction of a modern industrial system, and to expand high-level opening up to the outside world. These all indicate that the country strongly supports enterprises to take the road of independent innovation, and to communicate and cooperate more with foreign advanced enterprises, so as to obtain more technical management experience and other resources, and further enhance China's overall innovation ability.

In this context, this article analyzes the impact of Haier Smart Home's internationalization on technological innovation. Firstly, using literature and theoretical mechanism research methods to summarize and analyze existing literature and four impact mechanism theories: reverse technology spillover effect, human capital effect, competition effect, and crowding-out effect. It is found that the internationalization of enterprises may promote or hinder technological innovation. Secondly, it analyzes the process and motivation of Haier Smart Home's internationalization, as well as the effect of internationalization and the current situation of technological innovation. It is found that its internationalization and technological innovation level are among the best in the household electrical appliance industry，and it is found that internationalization promotes the technological innovation level of Haier Smart Home through the above influence mechanism. Thirdly, this paper collects the data of Haier Smart Home from 2008 to 2022, and uses the entropy weight method to quantitatively measure and analyze the depth, breadth and comprehensive degree of internationalization of Haier Smart Home, and finds that the internationalization development trend of Haier Smart Home is stable and positive. Finally, the empirical analysis of the impact of internationalization on Haier Smart Home's technological innovation shows that internationalization has a significant linear positive effect on Haier Smart Home's technological innovation from the perspective of internationalization depth, breadth and comprehensive degree, and the proportion of R&D personnel will promote technological innovation, but the growth of enterprises will not.

According to the research conclusion, this article believes that Haier Smart Home can further strengthen its global layout and global collaboration capabilities by continuously improving its integration capabilities in cross-border mergers and acquisitions. At the same time, it is necessary to continue to deepen the three-level brand strategic transformation of high-end brand → scenario brand → ecological brand, and deepen digital reform. In addition, it is necessary to increase the introduction, training and incentive of talents on a global scale to enhance the technological innovation ability of enterprises.