金融学院知识库

  近年来全球都面临着同样的问题，就是气候的变化和资源的枯竭。我国的经济模式也因为之前密集式的开发导致了资源枯竭的问题越来越显露。在这样一个全球和中国所面临的共同背景下，经济克服环境制约越来越重要。克服环境的制约就是要让经济实现可持续发展，但实体经济在可持续发展下的转型需要大量的资金支持，这个时候就需要金融部门的资金支持，所谓的资金支持就是金融机构发展绿色信贷。在这样一个迫切需要发展绿色信贷的背景下，我国也开始着力发展绿色信贷，从2007年开始，中国陆陆续续出台了一些有关绿色信贷的政策，重视绿色信贷的发展，并对绿色信贷的概念界定以及绿色产业分类做了详细的规划和分类，在目前我国已经形成了一套完整的政策框架，其中，包含顶层设计、统计系统、评估机制和激励结构。截至2023年的第三季度，中国人民银行公布的数据显示，我国本外币绿色贷款余额已达到28.5万亿，与上一年相比同比增长36.8%。这一数据说明从2007年到2023年，绿色信贷发展规模越来越大。发展显著，但是也还面临着一系列的问题，例如，绿色信贷对不同产权性质的商业银行没有制定相应的标准，会因贷款对象的不同而设有不同的门槛。绿色转型会给经济和环境带来双赢的局面，但商业银行作为绿色信贷的直接参与对象，转型的过程中会因一时的疏忽而提高了系统性风险，从而对金融的安全性产生威胁。
  本文首先对绿色信贷和商业银行风险承担这两个基础概念以及两个概念之间的关系进行文献的全面梳理。其次，本文选取22家商业银行从2012到2021十年的绿色相关数据进行回归分析，构建指标并探究其影响原理及产权异质性，最后进行中介效应分析，得出以下四条结论：第一，绿色信贷会降低商业银行风险承担。第二，与大型国有银行相比，绿色信贷对非国有银行的抑制效果更强；第三，绿色信贷通过社会责任中介来降低商业银行风险承担。第四，非利息收入占比在绿色信贷与银行风险承担的关系中承担着中介作用。
  最后，以实证分析结果为参考，提出相应政策建议。该研究成果在优化银行信贷结构的同时，也为我国银行业信贷风险防控工作提供理论指导和决策参考。

  In recent years the world has been facing the same problems of climate change and resource depletion. China's economic model has also been increasingly characterised by the problem of resource depletion due to previous intensive development. In this common global and Chinese context, it is increasingly important for economies to overcome environmental constraints. Overcoming environmental constraints means making the economy sustainable, but the transformation of the real economy in the context of sustainable development requires a lot of financial support, and this requires financial support from the financial sector, which is called the development of green credit by financial institutions. Against the background of such an urgent development of green credit, China has also begun to focus on the development of green credit. Starting from 2007, China has introduced a number of policies related to green credit one after another, attached importance to the development of green credit, and made detailed planning and classification of the concept of defining green credit as well as the classification of green industries, and step by step, formulated the framework of green credit in the evening. At present, China has formed a complete set of policy framework, which includes top-level design, statistical system, evaluation mechanism and incentive structure. As of the third quarter of 2023, data released by the People's Bank of China shows that the balance of local and foreign currency green loans in China has reached 28.5 trillion, a year-on-year increase of 36.8 per cent compared with the previous year. This data illustrates the increasing scale of green credit development from 2007 to 2023. However, despite the increasing scale and significant development of green credit in China, it still faces a series of problems, for example, green credit does not have corresponding standards for commercial banks with different property rights, and there are different thresholds depending on the target of the loan. Green transformation will bring a win-win situation to the economy and the environment, but the heavy task of commercial banks, as the direct participant of green credit, will increase the systemic risk due to a momentary negligence, thus threatening the financial security.
  First, this paper provides a comprehensive literature review on the basic concepts of green credit and commercial bank risk and the relationship between the two. Second, this paper selects 22 commercial banks' green credit data for a decade from 2012 to 2021 for regression analysis, constructs indicators and examines their effect principle and equity heterogeneity, and finally conducts a mediation analysis, which leads to the following four conclusions: first, green credit reduces the risk of commercial banks. Second, green lending has a stronger disincentive effect on non-state banks than on large state banks; third, green lending reduces the risk of commercial banks by mediating corporate social responsibility. Fourth, the share of non-interest income mediates the link between green credit and bank risk.
  Finally, the results of the empirical analysis will be used to make policy recommendations. In optimising bank credit structure, the results of the study also provide theoretical guidelines and references for decision-making to prevent and control credit risk in the Chinese banking sector.