金融学院知识库

在环境问题日益突出、传统粗放式发展难以为继的背景下，我国倡导实体经济绿色转型，将可持续发展理念提升至国家战略高度。商业银行作为连接政府和实体经济最重要的桥梁之一，在推动经济绿色转型过程中扮演着重要角色。绿色信贷是商业银行最早实施绿色金融的产物，随着政府部门不断出台相关规章制度，我国绿色信贷余额实现快速增长，绿色信贷产品不断推陈出新，但是我国绿色信贷业务仍存在占比低、银行内生动力不足等问题。结合现实来看，绿色信贷业务必然会影响商业银行经营绩效，而影响的效果直接决定商业银行开展绿色信贷业务的积极性。

为探究绿色信贷对商业银行经营绩效影响的方向和程度，本文在现有研究基础上，选择43家上市商业银行非平衡面板数据，利用因子分析法构建评价商业银行经营绩效的综合指标，选用固定效应模型，加入政府监管和市场约束作为调节变量，得出以下结论：（1）绿色信贷对商业银行经营绩效具有显著的正向影响；（2）大型国有商业银行、股份制商业银行、地方性商业银行实施绿色信贷对其经营绩效的影响存在异质性，影响最明显的为股份制商业银行和农村商业银行；（3）绿色信贷对商业银行经营绩效产生正向影响的过程中，政府监管和市场约束发挥了促进作用。

基于以上结论，本文从完善政策法律法规、强化绿色发展理念、加强信息披露、鼓励多主体参与、创新产品和业务模式、加强市场约束和政府监管六个方面提出了进一步促进绿色信贷发展的对策。

Against the backdrop of increasingly prominent environmental problems and unsustainable traditional and extensive development, China advocates the green transformation of the real economy and raises the concept of sustainable development to the national strategic height. As one of the most important Bridges between the government and the real economy, commercial banks play an important role in promoting the green transformation of the economy. Green credit is the earliest product of commercial banks to implement green finance. With the continuous introduction of relevant rules and regulations by government departments, the balance of green credit in China has achieved rapid growth, and green credit products are constantly innovating. However, there are still problems such as the low proportion of China's green credit business and the lack of internal impetus of banks. Combined with the reality, the green credit business will inevitably affect the business performance of commercial banks, and the impact effect directly determines the enthusiasm of commercial banks to carry out green credit business.

In order to explore the direction and degree of the impact of green credit on the business performance of commercial banks, This paper builds on the existing research, Select unbalanced panel data from 43 listed commercial banks, Using the factor analysis method to evaluate the business performance of commercial banks, Choose a fixed-effect model, Adding government regulation and market constraints as regulatory variables, The following conclusions are drawn: (1) green credit has a significant positive impact on the business performance of commercial banks; (2) The heterogeneity of the impact of green credit implemented by large state-owned commercial banks, joint-stock commercial banks and local commercial banks on their business performance, The most obvious effects are joint-stock commercial banks and rural commercial banks; (3) In the process of green credit having a positive impact on the business performance of commercial banks, government supervision and market constraints have played a promoting role.

Based on the above conclusions, this paper puts forward the countermeasures to further promote the development of green credit from six aspects: improving policies, laws and regulations, strengthening the concept of green development, strengthening information disclosure, encouraging multi-subject participation, innovating products and business models, and strengthening market constraints and government supervision.