经济学院知识库

      随着环境可承载能力和要素红利的逐渐消退，我国经济由快速增长阶段逐步转向高质量发展阶段。全要素生产率的提升，是我国迈向高质量发展的关键所在。物流业是市场资源要素流动的中介，在便利要素自由流动,实现资源优化配置，构建全国统一大市场中发挥着重要作用。但传统物流业高投入、高消耗的特点使其资源配置效率低下，降低了经济高质量发展效果。运用绿色技术，实施绿色转型，激发创新动能，是物流业高效获取和利用生产要素、信息与知识，实现知识共享和技术外溢，增强自生能力，助力全要素生产率提升的有效途径，并将进一步推动我国经济的高质量发展。因此，探讨绿色物流对全要素生产率的影响，对于引导绿色物流发展，提高全要素生产率，促进我国经济高质量发展具有重要的研究意义与现实意义。
       首先，本文对相关文献进行了系统梳理，界定了绿色物流和全要素生产率的概念，整合了绿色经济发展理论、效率理论、人力资本理论、产业结构演进等相关理论，在此基础上，构建绿色物流通过人力资本效应、产业结构升级效应提高全要素生产率的作用机制，奠定了本文研究基础。其次，运用Super-SBM和SBM-Malmquist方法分别对绿色物流和全要素生产率进行测度，分析其现状及变化趋势。再次，构建双固定效应模型，利用我国30多个省市2010-2020年的面板数据，实证剖析绿色物流对全要素生产率的影响，并进行稳健性、异质性以及机制效应检验。最后，提出针对性的对策建议。
       通过研究得出：（1）我国绿色物流整体效率值不高，DMU值均未达到1；全要素生产率呈现“W型”变化趋势；两者均呈“东部>中部>西部”的局面。（2）绿色物流对提升全要素生产率具有重要的促进作用。（3）绿色物流影响全要素生产率表现为区域异质性，即：绿色物流显著促进了东部地区全要素生产率的提升，对中西部地区的影响虽然为正，但没能通过显著性检验。（4）绿色物流通过促进人力资本、产业结构升级正向影响了全要素生产率。
       基于此，提出以下对策建议：（1）因地制宜，制定有效提升绿色物流高水平发展的战略。（2）应用财政补贴与税收手段，加强政府干预力度。（3）整合、共享资源，促进产业结构升级。（4）加大技能培训的投入，重视人才引进。
    

      With the gradual fading of environmental carrying capacity and factor dividends, China's economy has gradually shifted from the stage of rapid growth to the stage of high-quality development. The improvement of total factor productivity is the key to China's high quality development. The logistics industry is the intermediary of the flow of market resources and factors, and plays an important role in facilitating the free flow of factors, realizing the optimal allocation of resources, and building a unified national market. However, the traditional logistics industry has the characteristics of high input and high consumption, which makes its resource allocation efficiency low and reduces the effect of high-quality economic development. The application of green technology, the implementation of green transformation, and the stimulation of innovation momentum are effective ways for the logistics industry to efficiently obtain and utilize production factors, information and knowledge, realize knowledge sharing and technology spillover, enhance self-generating capacity, and promote the improvement of total factor productivity, and will further promote the high-quality development of China's economy. Therefore, to explore the impact of green logistics on total factor productivity is of great research and practical significance for guiding the development of green logistics, improving total factor productivity, and promoting the high-quality development of China's economy.
       First of all, this paper systematically combs relevant literature, defines the concepts of green logistics and total factor productivity, integrates green economy development theory, efficiency theory, human capital theory, industrial structure evolution and other relevant theories, and on this basis, builds the action mechanism of green logistics to improve total factor productivity through human capital effect and industrial structure upgrading effect. It lays the foundation of this research. Secondly,     Super-SBM and SBM-Malmquist methods are used to measure green logistics and total factor productivity respectively, and analyze their status quo and changing trend. Thirdly, a dual fixed effect model was constructed to empirically analyze the impact of green logistics on total factor productivity using panel data from more than 30 provinces and cities in China from 2010 to 2020, and to test robustness, heterogeneity and mechanism effects. Finally, put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.
     The results show that: (1) the overall efficiency of green logistics in China is not high, and DMU values are not up to 1; Total factor productivity showed a "W-shaped" trend. Both are "East > Middle > west" situation. (2) Green logistics plays an important role in promoting total factor productivity. (3) The impact of green logistics on TFP shows regional heterogeneity, that is, green logistics significantly promotes the improvement of TFP in the eastern region, while its impact on the central and western regions is positive, but it fails to pass the significance test. (4) Green logistics positively affects total factor productivity by promoting human capital and industrial structure upgrading.
      Based on this, the following countermeasures and suggestions are put forward: (1) Formulate strategies to effectively enhance the high-level development of green logistics according to local conditions. (2) Use fiscal subsidies and taxation to strengthen government intervention. (3) Integrate and share resources to promote the upgrading of industrial structure. (4) Increase investment in skill training and pay attention to talent introduction.