国际经济与贸易学院知识库

 随着数字经济的蓬勃发展，服务贸易不再局限于传统的模式和范畴，而是积极与前沿数字技术相融合。在这一背景下，数字服务贸易应运而生，逐渐成为全球贸易增长的新引擎，各国将贸易重心逐渐转向数字服务领域，中日两国也不例外。与此同时，2020年11月，中国携手日本共15个亚太国家，正式签署了RCEP协定。协定中关于数字贸易的相关安排，切实提高了区域内数字服务贸易开放水平。中日两国如何在RCEP创造的数字机遇下，扩大国际数字服务贸易合作，积极探索数字贸易规则亚洲模式，共同打造高水平一体化区域经济具有重要意义。
本文基于2006-2021年中日对RCEP成员国的数字服务贸易数据，以比较优势理论、要素禀赋理论等相关理论为基础，结合前人研究，以中日两个主要成员国为切入点。首先，从贸易规模、国别、行业结构以及竞争性与互补性四个维度对比研究两国在RCEP区域内数字服务贸易的现实基础。其次，构建随机前沿引力模型与贸易非效率模型，得出影响贸易效率的因素，测算出中日两国与RCEP国家数字服务贸易效率及潜力。最后，针对研究结果提出政策建议。
研究发现：日本与RCEP成员国在数字服务贸易规模上大于中国，但中国的贸易增速更快，双方紧密合作的国家相似，存在着一定的竞争性。中国在ICT服务方面存在顺差，日本则在知识产权、保险、金融服务方面存在顺差。中国在ICT服务具有竞争优势，日本则是知识产权使用。两国均在各自优势行业上与其他成员国具有良好的互补性。实证分析结果显示，国内生产总值、共同语言与数字服务贸易额存在正相关，人口数量、地理距离则呈负相关。RCEP成员国宽带订阅数、政府效率、法治健全度、贸易及金融自由度在中日模型中均与贸易非效率呈负相关。在贸易潜力与贸易效率方面，近几年中国与RCEP的贸易效率在逐渐上升，而日本则是有下降的趋势。同时，在2021年，中日同RCEP数字服务贸易的平均效率分别为0.66和0.54，表明中日两国对RCEP成员国整体的数字服务贸易潜力仍有较大的拓展空间。最后，在研究结果的基础上提出政策建议，探讨中国如何借助RCEP协定，借鉴日本在数字服务贸易优势方面的先进制度与政策，破除影响贸易潜力的阻碍因素，以期推动我国数字服务贸易长足发展。

With the vigorous development of the digital economy, service trade is no longer limited to traditional models and categories, but actively integrated with cutting-edge digital technology. In this context, digital service trade came into being and gradually became a new engine of global trade growth. Countries gradually shifted their trade focus to the field of digital services, and China and Japan were no exception. At the same time, in November 2020, China and Japan signed the RCEP agreement with a total of 15 Asia-Pacific countries. The relevant arrangements on digital trade in the agreement have effectively improved the level of openness of digital service trade in the region. It is of great significance for China and Japan to expand international digital service trade cooperation, actively explore the Asian model of digital trade rules, and jointly build a high-level integrated regional economy under the digital opportunities created by RCEP. 

Based on the data of digital service trade between China and Japan on RCEP members from 2006 to 2021, this paper is based on the theory of comparative advantage, factor endowment theory and other related theories, combined with previous studies, and takes the two main members of China and Japan as the starting point. First of all, from the four dimensions of trade scale, country, industry structure, competitiveness and complementarity, the realistic basis of digital service trade between the two countries in the RCEP region is compared and studied. Secondly, the stochastic frontier gravity model and trade inefficiency model are constructed to obtain the factors affecting trade efficiency, and the efficiency and potential of digital service trade between China and Japan and RCEP countries are calculated. Finally, policy recommendations are made for the research results. 

The study found that Japan and RCEP member countries are larger than China in the scale of digital service trade, but China 's trade is growing faster, and the countries in which the two sides work closely are similar, and there is a certain degree of competition. China has a surplus in ICT services, while Japan has a surplus in intellectual property rights, insurance, and financial services. China has a competitive advantage in ICT services, while Japan uses intellectual property rights. Both countries have good complementarity with other member states in their respective advantageous industries. The empirical analysis results show that there is a positive correlation between GDP, common language and digital service trade volume, while population and geographical distance are negatively correlated. The number of broadband subscriptions, government efficiency, rule of law, trade and financial freedom of RCEP member countries are negatively correlated with trade inefficiency in the Sino-Japanese model. In terms of trade potential and trade efficiency, the trade efficiency between China and RCEP has gradually increased in recent years, while Japan has a downward trend. At the same time, in 2021, the average efficiency of digital service trade between China and Japan and RCEP is 0.66 and 0.54 respectively, indicating that China and Japan still have great room for expansion of the overall digital service trade potential of RCEP member countries. Finally, based on the research results, policy recommendations are proposed to explore how China can use the RCEP agreement to learn from Japan 's advanced systems and policies in the advantages of digital service trade, and break down the obstacles affecting trade potential, thereby promoting the further development of digital service trade.