金融学院知识库

随着数字金融的不断发展，电子支付、区块链和数字货币等技术为金融市场带来新增长动力的同时，也给商业银行带来巨大冲击。数字金融凭借其便捷、低成本和高效等突出优势，吸收大量社会资本，这给商业银行存贷款业务带来巨大的竞争压力。面对日益激烈的市场竞争以及传统存贷款业务增长受挫的局面，商业银行被迫提升业务成本，不得不寻求额外的收入增长点。为适应数字金融的新环境，商业银行加快自身数字化转型布局，增加自身数字金融业务比重。这一过程给商业银行经营渠道、营销模式、产品设计等方面带来深远影响。数字化转型带来的庞大前期投入和风险来源复杂化都有可能削弱商业银行风险承担能力。因此研究数字化转型与商业银行风险承担的关系有助于我国商业银行更为稳健地推进自身数字化转型布局。

本文根据过往学者研究，探讨数字化转型对商业银行风险承担的影响机制。在长尾理论、信息不对称理论、金融创新理论、金融深化理论和我国特殊国情的基础上，本文做出如下假设：（1）数字化转型程度与商业银行风险承担呈倒“U”形关系；（2）数字化转型对不同地区商业银行风险承担影响程度不同；（3）数字化转型对不同类型银行的风险承担影响程度不同。最终本文选取我国不同类型商业银行2012-2021年相关数据构建面板数据进行实证分析，并利用调整Z值替换被解释变量和构建滞后一期工具变量进行稳健性检验。

结合理论分析与实证分析，本文得出以下结论：第一，数字化转型短期内会刺激银行风险承担水平上升，长期则有助于抑制商业银行风险承担水平；第二，不同区域银行风险承担水平受银行数字化转型影响程度不同，东部经济发达地区银行受银行数字化转型影响相较其他地区较小；第三，不同类型银行风险承担水平受银行数字化转型影响程度不同，城市商业银行与农村商业银行所受影响较大，全国性股份制银行与国有银行所受影响较小。

最后结合上诉结论，本文从政府和银行两大主体出发，提出相关对策建议。政府方面，本文首先建议政府应引导数字金融健康发展，切忌“一刀切”；其次加强金融监管，防范新型金融风险；最后完善金融市场规则，维护金融市场有序竞争。银行方面，本文首先建议银行应当从人才培养和管理结构出发加大数字技术投入；其次结合自身情况差异化推进数字化转型；然后加强与数字科技公司合作实现强强联合；最后发挥数字技术优势提升自身风险管理能力。

The continuous development of digital finance has brought new growth drivers to the financial market, such as electronic payment, blockchain, and digital currency. However, it has also had a significant impact on commercial banks at the center of the traditional financial system. With its outstanding advantages of convenience, low cost, and efficiency, digital finance absorbs a large amount of social capital, which brings huge competitive pressure to the deposit and loan business of commercial banks. As a result, commercial banks are forced to increase business costs in response to increasingly fierce market competition and frustrated growth in traditional deposit and loan business. In order to adapt to the new environment of digital finance, commercial banks have accelerated their digital transformation layout and increased the proportion of their digital financial business. This process profoundly impacts commercial banks' operation channels, marketing models, product design among other aspects while inevitably increasing the complexity of risk sources for these institutions. Consequently this may weaken their risk-bearing capacity. Therefore studying the relationship between bank's digitization efforts and Chinese commercial banks' risk-bearing capacity is helpful for promoting more stable digital transformation layouts.

This paper reviews the relevant studies on digital transformation and risk taking of commercial banks based on previous studies, so as to explore the impact of the development of digital transformation on risk taking of commercial banks. Then, based on the long tail theory, information asymmetry theory, financial innovation theory and financial liberalization theory, this paper makes the following assumptions: (1)The relationship between the development of digital transformation and the risk taking of commercial banks is inverted "U"; (2)Digital transformation has regional heterogeneity to different regional banks; (3)The impact of digital transformation on the risk-taking of different types of banks is characterized by heterogeneity of bank types. Finally, this paper selects 55 representative state-owned banks, national joint-stock banks, urban commercial banks and rural commercial banks, and uses the financial index of commercial banks to construct an adjusted Z value for robustness test.

This paper draws the following conclusions: First, the development of digital transformation stimulates the increase of banks' risk taking  in the short term, and helps to restrain the risk taking level in the long term; Second, banks in different regions have different  of risk taking affected by digital transformation. Third, different types of banks' risk taking are affected by digital transformation in different degrees.

Finally, in conjunction with the conclusion of the appeal, this paper presents relevant countermeasures and suggestions from both government and banking authorities. Regarding the government, it is recommended that they first guide the healthy development of digital finance and avoid a "one-size-fits-all" approach; secondly, strengthen financial supervision to mitigate new financial risks; and finally, enhance financial market regulations to uphold orderly competition within the financial sector. As for banks, it is suggested that they should initially increase investment in digital technology through talent training and management restructuring, then pursue digital transformation based on their individual differences, followed by strengthening collaboration with digital technology firms to achieve synergy; ultimately leveraging digital technology advantages to enhance their own risk management capabilities.