国际经济与贸易学院知识库

制造业作为实体经济发展的支柱产业，其发展水平关乎我国发展战略优势的
构建。可以明确，推动制造业发展是促进我国国民经济实现稳增长的重要发力方
向。加入世贸组织以来，我国凭借着自身的低成本优势和发达国家的技术外溢，
逐渐形成了制造业出口竞争优势。如今我国制造业规模已连续多年稳居世界第一，
且出口种类齐全，是全球公认的制造业出口大国。然而随着我国传统比较优势的
逐渐丧失，其发展面临双重挤压， “大而不强”、“全而不优”等问题愈发凸显，
亟需向“高端智造”转变升级。与此同时，大数据、人工智能等新业态、新模式
层出不穷，数据要素渗透融合加快，数字经济迅速发展，这为我国制造业出口竞
争力的提升带来新的发展机遇。党的二十大也进一步强调我们要加快建设制造强
国、数字强国，推动数字经济与实体经济深度融合。在此背景下，研究数字经济
如何赋能我国制造业发展，并进一步提升制造业出口竞争力具有重要意义。
本文在梳理已有文献的基础上，分析了我国数字经济和制造业的发展现状及
其内在影响机制。之后以我国30个省级行政区2011-2021年的面板数据为样本，
从数字基础设施建设、数字产业化、产业数字化三个视角选取指标，利用熵值法
计算得出省级层面的具体数值，并参照 Hausmann 的测算方法计算得出我国各省
份的出口技术复杂度。在此基础上通过豪斯曼检验确定选择双向固定效应模型进
行基准回归。研究结果如下：（1）基准回归表明数字经济能推动制造业出口竞争
力提升；（2）机制检验表明数字经济通过成本节约效应、人力资本提升效应和技
术创新效应三条途径促进制造业出口竞争力提升；（3）异质性分析表明数字经济
的赋能效果存在区域异质性。基于此，本文提出如下建议，以期加强我国数字经
济建设并促进区域协同发展，推动其与制造业深度融合，为制造业转型升级之路
提供“一剂良药”，实现出口竞争力攀升。具体而言，一是完善数字基础设施，
优化区域布局；二是加速数字经济赋能，科学推进制造业数字化；三是优化发展
环境，释放发展活力；四是实施创新驱动发展战略，集聚数字经济人才。

The manufacturing industry as the pillar industry of the real economic development, its level of development is related to the construction of China's development strategy advantage. It is clear that the promotion of the development of the manufacturing industry is an important direction of endeavour for the steady growth of China's national economy. Since joining the WTO, China has gradually developed a competitive advantage in manufacturing exports by virtue of its low-cost advantage and the technological spillover from developed countries. Today, the scale of China's manufacturing industry has ranked first in the world for many consecutive years, and a complete range of manufacturing exports, is globally recognised as a major manufacturing export country. However, with the gradual loss of China's traditional comparative advantage, its development has been seriously constrained,"big but not strong", "full but not excellent" problem is more and more prominent, the development of the face of a double squeeze, there is an urgent need to "high-end manufacturing There is an urgent need to transform and upgrade to "high-end smart manufacturing". At the same time, with big data, the Internet, artificial intelligence as the main representative of the rapid development of the digital economy, data elements penetrate into all walks of life, in China's economic development to inject a strong impetus at the same time as China's manufacturing export competitiveness enhancement to bring new opportunities for development. The 20th Party Congress also further emphasised that we should accelerate the construction of a strong manufacturing country and a strong digital country, and promote the deep integration of the digital economy with the real economy. In this context, it is of great significance to study how the digital economy can empower the development of China's manufacturing industry and further enhance the competitiveness of manufacturing exports.

Based on combing the existing literature, this paper analyses the
development status of China's digital economy and manufacturing
industry and its intrinsic influence mechanism. After that, it takes the
panel data of 30 provincial-level administrative regions in China from
2011 to 2021 as a sample, constructs the evaluation index system from
three  dimensions  of  digital  infrastructure  construction,  digital
industrialisation and industrial digitisation, calculates the specific values
at the provincial level through the entropy method, and calculates the
export technological sophistication of China's provinces with reference to
Hausman's measurement method. On this basis, a two-way fixed effect
model is selected for benchmark regression through Hausman test. The
results of the study are as follows: (1) the benchmark regression indicates
that the digital economy can promote the export competitiveness of the manufacturing industry; (2) the mechanism test indicates that the digital
economy promotes the export competitiveness of the manufacturing
industry through the three paths of cost-saving effect, human capital
enhancement  effect  and  technological  innovation  effect;  (3)
Heterogeneity analysis shows that there is regional heterogeneity in the
enabling effect of the digital economy. Based on this, this paper puts
forward the following suggestions, with a view to strengthening the
construction of China's digital economy and promoting regional
synergistic development, promoting its deep integration with the
manufacturing industry, providing "a good medicine" for the
transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry, and realising the
export competitiveness climb. Specifically, one is to improve the digital
infrastructure and optimize the regional layout; the second is to accelerate
the empowerment of the digital economy and scientifically promote the
digitization of the manufacturing industry; the third is to optimize the
development environment and unleash the development vitality; and the
fourth is to implement the innovation-driven development strategy, and
gather digital economy talents.