国际经济与贸易学院知识库

  综合保税区是经国务院批准设立在内陆地区的集各类海关特殊监管区域功能为一体的海关特殊监管区域。2015年国务院发布了《国务院办公厅关于印发加快海关特殊监管区域整合优化方案》。提出为了承接国际产业转移、推进区域经济协调发展、促进对外贸易和扩大就业，要加快各类海关特殊监管区域向综合保税区转型升级。2019年国务院发布的《国务院关于促进综合保税区高水平开放高质量发展的若干意见》提出综合保税区对于全面开放格局的发展，更高水平的贸易、投资便利化起着至关重要的作用。同时，国家还给出一系列优惠政策促使综合保税区向中西部地区倾斜发展，近年来，中西部地区综合保税区也取得了高速发展。

  本文致力于研究在中西部地区设立综合保税区对于地区贸易开放度的影响。首先，本文在梳理整理大量现有文献的基础上分析了中西部地区综合保税区影响地区贸易开放度的理论机制，同时研究了中西部地区综合保税区发展的现状和存在的问题。其次，基于中西部地区大量的经济统体到个别省份，贸易开放度出现较大的波动，这和中西部地区各省份贸易额较低，容易受到各不确定性因素的影响有关。再次，本文基于中西部地区2005年至2020年16年的地级市面板数据，舍去数据缺失严重的城市样本，采用双重差分法设定模型论证设立综合保税区对地区贸易开放度的影响。结果表明：在针对开通综合保税区的城市样本回归中，综合保税区影响贸易开放度的系数在5%的置信水平下显著为正。依次加入城市、年份固定效应的全样本回归结果显示，综合保税区影响贸易开放度的系数在1%的置信水平下显著为正，故所有模型回归结果都表明中西部地区设立综合保税区能够显著提升地区贸易开放度，促进地区对外贸易的发展，同时，模型结果表明工业总产值、外商直接投资和社会经济发展水平等控制变量会显著影响地区的贸易开放度。

  最后，根据研究结论对中西部地区综保区功能的优化途径以及提升综保区促进贸易开放度发展提出如下对策建议：（1）综合保税区的建设要着眼于区域优势产业的依托作用；（2）协同发展综合保税区与无水港；（3）建设完备的法律体系支持综合保税区的发展；（4）促进综合保税区跨境电商的发展。

      The comprehensive bonded zone is a special customs supervision area approved by the State Council and established in the inland area that integrates the functions of various special customs supervision areas. In 2015, the State Council issued the General Office of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the Plan for Accelerating the Integration and Optimization of Special Customs Supervision Areas. It is proposed that in order to undertake international industrial transfer, promote coordinated regional economic development, promote foreign trade and expand employment, it is necessary to accelerate the transformation and upgrading of various special customs supervision areas into comprehensive bonded zones. In 2019, the State Council issued Several Opinions on Promoting the High-level Opening and High-quality Development of Comprehensive Bonded Zones, which proposed that comprehensive bonded zones play a vital role in the development of the comprehensive opening pattern and a higher level of trade and investment facilitation. At the same time, the state has also given a series of preferential policies to promote the development of comprehensive bonded zones to the central and western regions, and in recent years, the comprehensive bonded zones in the central and western regions have also achieved rapid development.

      This paper focuses on the impact of establishing a comprehensive bonded zone in the central and western regions on regional trade openness.Firstly, on the basis of combing and sorting out a large number of existing literature.this paper analyzes the theoretical mechanism of the impact of regional trade openness of comprehensive bonded zones in the central and western regions, and studies the current situation and existing problems of the development of comprehensive bonded zones in the central and western regions. Secondly, based on the large number of economic integration in the central and western regions to individual provinces, the degree of trade openness fluctuates greatly, which is related to the low trade volume of the provinces in the central and western regions and their vulnerability to various uncertainties. Thirdly, based on the 16 years of prefecture-level city panel data in the central and western regions from 2005 to 2020, this paper uses the double difference method setting model to demonstrate the impact of the establishment of comprehensive bonded zones on regional trade openness. The results show that in the regression of the sample of cities with integrated bonded zones, the coefficient of the impact of comprehensive bonded zones on trade openness is significantly positive at the confidence level of 5%. The results of the full-sample regression of the fixed effect of cities and years in turn show that the coefficient of the comprehensive bonded zone affecting the trade openness is significantly positive at the confidence level of 1%, so all the model regression results show that the establishment of the comprehensive bonded zone in the central and western regions can significantly improve the regional trade openness and promote the development of regional foreign trade, and at the same time, the model results show that the control variables such as gross industrial output value, foreign direct investment and social-economic development level will significantly affect the regional trade openness.

      Finally, according to the research conclusions, the following countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for the optimization of the functions of the comprehensive bonded zone in the central and western regions and the improvement of the comprehensive bonded zone to promote the development of trade openness: (1) the construction of the comprehensive bonded zone should focus on the supporting role of regional advantageous industries; (2) Coordinated development of comprehensive bonded zones and dry ports; (3) Build a complete legal system to support the development of comprehensive bonded zones; (4) Promote the development of cross-border e-commerce in comprehensive bonded zones.