国际经济与贸易学院知识库

中国是名副其实的制造业大国，已连续十年成为世界排名第一的制造业出口大国。然而，随着新一轮产业变革的展开，我国制造业发展的“人口红利”与自然资源的优势逐渐消失，长期以低附加值产品出口国外市场的企业发展受到严重挑战。基于此，学术界围绕“如何提高我国制造业出口竞争力”这一命题开展了大量研究。与此同时，随着大数据、5G、物联网、人工智能为主要代表的数字技术广泛应用于制造业企业生产经营中，数字经济与制造业企业出口竞争力之间的关系及其作用机制成为国际商务与经济学领域的热点话题。在此背景下，数字经济利用何种手段、何种方式去赋能企业，进而提升企业出口竞争力，成为当前制造业发展不言而喻的核心要义。因此，本文主要从以下问题着手进行研究：数字经济对中国制造企业有何种影响？影响通过哪些路径实现？在制造业企业应如何借力数字化转型提升出口竞争力？

为解答以上问题，本文首先对国内外相关文献进行梳理，分别从创新效率、产业融合与交易成本三个角度阐述数字经济影响制造业企业出口竞争力的机制和路径。其次从规模与质量双角度构建中国制造业企业出口竞争力指标并做出相应评价。之后构建面板计量模型，分别从基准回归分析、中介效应影响机制分析和异质性检验分析三个层面，实证探究中国制造业企业出口竞争力受数字经济影响的反馈效应。最后以高新技术企业大华股份为典型企业，采用案例分析与定量分析相结合的方法，对本文结论加以佐证。

本文研究结果显示:数字经济发展水平显著影响中国制造业企业出口竞争力，是激发中国制造业企业出口竞争力提升的重要因素；创新效率、产业融合与交易成本在数字经济影响制造业企业出口竞争力的过程中发挥中介作用；相较于中部和西部地区，数字经济对我国东部地区的影响效应更大，这表明中国制造业企业出口竞争力受到数字经济影响具有区域异质性；大华股份的案例分析也完全验证了创新效率、产业融合与交易成本是数字经济促进企业出口竞争力提升的重要路径。

基于理论机制梳理、现状对比分析、实证检验讨论与现实案例研究，本文提出如下政策建议：首先，应完善数字经济相关法律法规，为数字经济发展营造出制度规范、官民共治的良好环境；其次，政府应领导推动加快数商融合、鼓励创新，注重产业融合体系建设，布局数字化交易平台，为数字经济影响制造业企业出口竞争力拓宽路径；最后，政府应注重培育发展数字化人才与解决方案，破除人才障碍，为企业数字化转型打造行动方案。

China is a veritable manufacturing power, and has been the world's top manufacturing exporting country for ten consecutive years. However, with the new round of industrial transformation, the "demographic dividend" and natural resources advantages of China's manufacturing development are gradually disappearing, and the core competitive advantage of enterprises is seriously challenged by the long-term export of low value-added products to foreign markets. Based on this, academics have conducted a lot of research on the proposition of "how to improve China's manufacturing exports". In particular, as digital technologies such as big data, 5G, Internet of Things and artificial intelligence are widely used in the production and operation of manufacturing enterprises, the relationship between the digital economy and the export competitiveness of manufacturing enterprises and its mechanism of action have become a hot topic in the field of international business and economics. In this context, how the digital economy can empower enterprises to improve their export competitiveness has become the core task of the current development of the manufacturing industry. Therefore, this paper mainly studies the following issues: What impact does the digital economy have on Chinese manufacturing enterprises? Through which paths is this impact realised? In the era of rapid digitalisation, how can manufacturing enterprises be scientifically guided to improve their export competitiveness?

This paper firstly compares the relevant literature at home and abroad, and based on the analysis of the existing theories and actual phenomena, it elaborates how the digital economy affects the export competitiveness of China's manufacturing enterprises from the perspective of innovation efficiency, industrial integration and transaction costs respectively. Secondly, the export competitiveness indicators of China's manufacturing enterprises are constructed from both scale and quality perspectives and evaluated accordingly. After that, a panel econometric model is constructed to empirically investigate the impact of the digital economy on the export competitiveness of China's manufacturing enterprises from three levels: benchmark regression analysis, analysis of the influence mechanism of mediating effects and heterogeneity test analysis. Finally, this paper adopts a combination of case study and quantitative analysis to support the findings of this paper, taking Da hua, a high-tech enterprise, as a typical enterprise.

The results of the empirical study show that:the level of development of digital economy significantly affects the export competitiveness of Chinese manufacturing enterprises, and the level of development of digital economy is an important factor to stimulate the export competitiveness of Chinese manufacturing enterprises; the mechanism test shows that innovation efficiency, industrial integration and transaction costs play a mediating role in the process of digital economy affecting the export competitiveness of manufacturing enterprises; the heterogeneity test shows that the digital economy has a significant impact on the export competitiveness of different The heterogeneity test shows that there are significant differences in the influence of digital economy on the export competitiveness of manufacturing enterprises in different regions, and the influence of digital economy is greater in the eastern region of China compared with the central and western regions；The case study of Dahua also fully validates that innovation efficiency, industry integration and transaction costs are important paths for the digital economy to promote the export competitiveness of enterprises.

On account of the theoretical mechanism, comparative analysis of the current situation, empirical test discussion and real-life case studies, this paper proposes the following policy recommendations: firstly, laws and regulations related to the digital economy should be improved to create a good environment for the development of the digital economy with institutional regulation and shared governance between the government and the people; secondly, for the path study, the government should lead the promotion of accelerating digital business integration, encouraging innovation, focusing on the construction of industrial integration system, laying out digital trading platform, to broaden the path for the digital economy to influence the export competitiveness of manufacturing enterprises; finally, our government should focus on cultivating and developing digital talents and solutions, breaking down talent barriers, and creating action plans for the digital transformation of enterprises.