金融学院知识库

党的十八大以来，党中央、国务院把脱贫攻坚作为全面建成小康社会的底线任务，将贫困地区作为脱贫攻坚的重点区域，开展精准扶贫和精准脱贫工作，在各方的共同努力下，最终取得了脱贫攻坚战的全面胜利。现如今我国已经消除绝对贫困，但是脱贫摘帽并不意味着贫困治理工作的结束，我国的贫困问题已从消除绝对贫困转为缓解相对贫困，在这一转型的关键时期，要特别关注脱贫地区的返贫问题对脱贫成果的侵蚀。那么对于贫困问题的认识，我们就应该从发展的角度来看，这样才有助于从根本上解决贫困问题。因此，引用贫困脆弱性这一具有前瞻性的指标，从脆弱性的角度探究贫困问题，预估个人或家庭在未来遭受风险冲击而陷入贫困的可能性，提前采取防范措施，对预防脱贫家庭因病、因灾返贫具有理论和实践意义。

基于以上背景，本文将研究视角聚焦于农村家庭，研究商业健康保险是否能缓解农村家庭的贫困脆弱性以及缓解程度。综合运用理论和实证结合的研究方法，首先对国内外有关文献进行梳理，借鉴动态贫困理论、健康贫困陷阱理论和非确定性消费理论，分析了商业健康保险减缓农村家庭贫困脆弱性的机制。然后选取中国家庭金融调查数据库(CHFS)的2015、2017、2019年三轮家庭追踪数据，采用VEP方法，以家庭人均消费水平为衡量指标，测量了样本家庭的贫困脆弱性，并详细分析其结果。最后采用面板数据双向固定效应模型，实证检验商业健康保险对农村家庭贫困脆弱性的减缓效果，结果显示商业健康保险可以有效减缓农村家庭的贫困脆弱性。同时，分不同区域和不同贫困线进行异质性检验，结果显示相比于东部地区，中西部地区商业健康保险的参保会显著降低农村家庭的贫困脆弱性。文末基于研究结论，从政府角度、保险公司角度和农村居民角度提出相关的政策建议。

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the Party Central Committee and the State Council have taken poverty alleviation as the bottom line task of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, and have taken poverty-stricken areas as key areas for poverty alleviation. We have carried out targeted poverty alleviation work. Through joint efforts from various parties, we have finally achieved a comprehensive victory in the poverty alleviation battle. Nowadays, China has eliminated absolute poverty, but the removal of poverty does not mean the end of poverty governance. China 's poverty problem has changed from absolute poverty to relative poverty. In this critical period of transformation, special attention should be paid to the erosion of poverty alleviation achievements by the return of poverty in poverty-stricken areas. Therefore, our understanding of poverty should be viewed from the perspective of development, which can help to fundamentally solve the problem of poverty. So, citing the forward-looking indicator of poverty vulnerability to explore poverty issues from the perspective of vulnerability is of theoretical and practical significance in predicting the likelihood of individuals or families falling into poverty due to risk shocks in the future, taking preventive measures in advance, and preventing families from returning to poverty due to illness or disasters.

Based on the above background, this paper focuses on rural families, and studies whether commercial health insurance can alleviate the poverty vulnerability and mitigation degree of rural families. This paper uses a combination of theoretical and empirical research methods. Firstly, it sorts out relevant literature at home and abroad, and draws on dynamic poverty theory, health poverty trap theory and uncertain consumption theory to analyze the mechanism of commercial health insurance affecting the vulnerability of rural households to poverty. Then, the three rounds of household tracking data in 2015,2017 and 2019 of the China Household Finance Survey Database (CHFS) are selected, and the VEP method is used to measure the poverty vulnerability of the sample families based on the per capita consumption of the family. Finally, the panel data two-way fixed effect model is used to empirically test the mitigation effect of commercial health insurance on the poverty vulnerability of rural households. The results indicate that the commercial health insurance can reduce the vulnerable degree of poverty in the countryside. Further, the heterogeneity test is carried out in different regions and different poverty lines. The results show that compared with the eastern region, the participation of commercial health insurance in the central and western regions will significantly reduce the poverty vulnerability of rural families. Based on the research conclusions, this paper puts forward relevant suggestions from the perspectives of government, insurance companies and rural residents.