经济学院知识库

近几年来，随着科技的飞速发展，“中国制造”逐渐向“中国智造”转型。随着5G时代的到来，“中国智造”的发展进程进一步加快。由于人口红利消失与制造业成本上升，国家近年发布多项政策支持智能制造转型，出台了《关于深化制造业与互联网融合发展的指导意见》等文件，并在《中国智能制造十三五规划》提出到2025年智能制造支撑体系基本建立，重点产业初步实现智能转型。面对不断创新变革的信息技术，通过借鉴发达国家持续利用新知识和新技术提升智能制造程度的战略安排，我们要实现制造业的高质量发展，提高中国制造业的生产效率和核心竞争力，有效的战略路径是走智能制造道路。

居民收入关乎我国的民生问题。智能制造是智能技术持续创新且持续融入制造技术体系，实现传统制造过程中体力和脑力的替代，提升制造业生产效率的过程，实现制造业价值链不断发展并带动制造业整体价值提升的过程。在当下“中国制造”向“中国智造”转型的阶段，居民劳动收入份额的变动对于我国深入推进智能制造，并建立防范劳动收入份额降低的保障机制，具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。

智能制造是我国实现制造强国战略的必由之路，其对要素收入分配格局的影响尚有待研究。本文在构建理论模型揭示智能制造对劳动收入份额影响机理的基础上，利用2009-2020年各省份的面板数据，实证检验了智能制造对劳动收入份额的具体影响、潜在的异质性及其作用机制。研究发现：首先，智能制造显著地降低了劳动收入份额，这一结果在通过替换被解释变量、替换解释变量和进行内生性处理后依然稳健。其次，智能制造对不同区域、不同人力资本水平和不同要素禀赋结构地区的劳动收入份额的影响存在异质性。第三，机制检验表明，智能制造增加了高技能劳动力的需求，显著减少了低技能劳动力的需求，通过就业技能结构的中介效应降低了劳动收入份额；同时，对劳动收入份额变化产生的效应进行分解可以看出，智能制造对平均工资与劳动生产率均产生积极影响，当前劳动生产率效应占了主导地位。本文研究成果有助于丰富智能制造的收入分配效应的研究成果，为把握智能化红利、促进就业稳定，实现共同富裕等相关公共政策制定提供了经验依据。

In recent years, with the rapid development of science and technology, "made in China" has gradually transformed into "made in China". With the advent of 5g era, the development process of "China Intelligent Manufacturing" has been further accelerated. Due to the disappearance of demographic dividend and the rising cost of manufacturing industry, the state has issued a number of policies to support the transformation of Intelligent Manufacturing in recent years, issued the guiding opinions on deepening the integrated development of manufacturing industry and Internet and other documents, and proposed in the 13th five year plan of China's intelligent manufacturing that by 2025, the intelligent manufacturing support system will be basically established, and the key industries will initially realize the intelligent transformation. Facing the information technology that is constantly innovating and changing, by learning from the strategic arrangement of developed countries to continuously use new knowledge and technology to improve the degree of intelligent manufacturing, we should realize the high-quality development of manufacturing industry and improve the production efficiency and core competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry. The effective strategic path is to take the road of intelligent manufacturing.

Residents' income is related to China's people's livelihood. Intelligent manufacturing is a process of continuous innovation of intelligent technology and continuous integration into the manufacturing technology system, realizing the substitution of physical and mental strength in the traditional manufacturing process, improving the production efficiency of the manufacturing industry, realizing the continuous development of the manufacturing value chain and driving the improvement of the overall value of the manufacturing industry. In the current stage of transformation from "made in China" to "made in China", the change of residents' labor income share has important theoretical value and practical significance for China to further promote intelligent manufacturing and establish a guarantee mechanism to prevent the reduction of labor income share.

Intelligent manufacturing is the only way to realize the strategy of manufacturing power in China, and its impact on the pattern of factor income distribution has yet to be studied. Based on the construction of a theoretical model to reveal the mechanism of the impact of intelligent manufacturing on labor income share, this paper empirically examines the specific impact, potential heterogeneity, and mechanism of action of intelligent manufacturing on labor income share using panel data of each province from 2009 to 2020. It is found that, firstly, intelligent manufacturing significantly reduces labor income share. Besides, the result remains robust by replacing explanatory variables, explained variables and endogenous processing. Second, there is heterogeneity in the effects of intelligent manufacturing on labor income shares in regions with different regions, different levels of human capital, and different factor endowment structures. Third, the mechanism evaluation shows that intelligent manufacturing increases the demand for high-skilled labor, significantly reduces the demand for low-skilled labor, and reduces the labor income share through the mediating effect of employment skill structure. Meanwhile, from the decomposition of the effect of labor income share change, intelligent manufacturing positively affects both average wages and labor productivity, with the current labor productivity effect dominating. The research results of this paper help to enrich the research results on the income distribution effect of intelligent manufacturing and provide an empirical basis for the formulation of public policies related to grasping the intelligence dividend, promoting employment stability, and achieving common prosperity.