国际经济与贸易学院知识库

  全球价值链是随着全球分工逐步发展起来的，2001年中国加入世界贸易组织后，近年来逐步形成了“发达经济体——中国——全球”以及“中国+X”的价值链体系。融入全球价值链推动了中国各类制造业的高速发展，中国逐渐成为了全球价值链的核心节点和关键环节之一。随着国际分工的不断深化，中国汽车产业在全球价值链中更加深入，但仍处于附加值较低的生产以及制造等环节。在中国进入十四五规划经济发展转型与提出“双循环”战略的关键时机，汽车产业作为国民经济重要组成部分，分工环节多，综合性强，是制造业中产业集中度、全球化程度较高的产业之一，产业升级势在必行。

  本文首先对全球价值链理论与产业升级的相关理论进行梳理，再结合中国汽车工业协会数据库和国际汽车制造商协会对我国汽车产业的产销现状、贸易格局与市场占有率情况进行概述，分析其主要特征。随后，通过全球价值链体系指标测算出中美日德等主要汽车生产制造国家全球价值链地位指数、参与度指数与长度指数，并实证分析影响汽车产业价值链分工地位的可能因素，进一步探索中国汽车产业嵌入全球价值链的方式。最后，通过上述论证得出文章结论，并探索中国汽车产业在全球价值链中通过产品路径、工艺流程路径以及功能路径和链条路径等可行路径，提升研发与自主创新设计、生产制造、营销品牌及售后服务等环节的增加值，归纳出适合我国国情的汽车产业升级路径，并提出对策建议为促进中国汽车产业向价值链上游攀升、实现高质量发展提供思路。

    The global value chain(GVC) is developed gradually with the global division of labor, and after China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, the "developed economy - China - global" value chain system has been formed gradually in recent years. In recent years, the value chain system of "developed economies - China - global" and "China + X" has been formed. The integration into the global value chain has promoted the rapid development of various manufacturing industries in China, and China has gradually become one of the core nodes and key links of the global value chain. The international division of labor continues to develop in depth, China's auto industry is also more deeply embedded in the global value chain, but it is still in the low value-added link such as manufacturing. As China enters the key moment of economic development transformation in the 14th Five-Year Plan, the automotive industry, as an important part of the national economy, has many division of labor links and strong integration, and is one of the industries with high industrial concentration and globalization in the manufacturing industry, which is bound to undergo industrial upgrading.

    This paper firstly reviews the theories related to global value chain theory and industrial upgrading, and then outlines the current situation of production and sales, trade pattern and market share of China's auto industry by combining the database of China Association of Automobile Manufacturers and International Automobile Manufacturers Association, and analyzes its main characteristics. Subsequently, the indexes of global value chain status, participation index and length index of global value chain of major automobile production and manufacturing countries such as China, the United States, Japan and Germany are measured through the indexes of global value chain system, and the influencing factors of value chain division of labor status are empirically analyzed, so as to further analyze the way of Chinese automobile industry embedding in global value chain. Finally, the above argumentation leads to the conclusion of the article, and explores the feasible ways for China's auto industry to make upgrading in the global value chain through product path, process path, function path and chain path to R&D and independent innovation link, design link, production and manufacturing link, marketing, brand and after-sales service link, summarizes the upgrading path of auto industry suitable for China's national conditions, and puts forward countermeasure suggestions for promoting The Chinese automotive industry will climb up the value chain and achieve high-quality development.