统计与数据科学学院知识库

农村集体经济作为社会主义公有制经济在农村地区的重要实现形式，具有公有性、社区性、稳定性等重要特征，也是我国巩固脱贫攻坚成果、全面推进乡村振兴战略以及推动农民农村实现共同富裕目标的重要实践选择。发展农村集体经济既能将农民组织起来共同抵御风险，也能通过对农业多领域、深层次的开发以及产业链、价值链的延长从而扩宽农民增收渠道，同时兼具富民惠民功能，有助于推动低收入农户增收和基本公共服务的建设。但是目前的农村集体经济发展面临增长缓慢、资产薄弱、收入来源单一、空壳村较多等一系列问题。因此，农村集体经济亟需进一步的发展壮大。

本文以我国30个省份（除西藏外）为研究对象，通过数量化的指数形式对省域农村集体经济发展水平进行测度，接着以测度结果为依据将30个省份分为四个层次，然后考察十大影响因素对农村集体经济发展水平的影响，以此为不同层次的各个地区如何进一步发展集体经济提供相应建议。首先，通过梳理国内外主要文献了解研究现状，并探寻集体经济和农村集体经济概念；其次，按照重要时间节点将我国农村集体经济的发展历程分为三个阶段展开介绍，并对发展中存在的问题进行概括描述；再次，选取21个指标构成我国农村集体经济发展水平评价指标体系，运用MATLAB软件、采取更适用于面板数据的纵横向拉开档次法计算各个指标的权重水平，并根据计算出的权重得到我国农村集体经济发展的整体水平和省份整体水平。接着以各省农村集体经济发展水平得分为依据划分层次，依次分为高水平组、中高水平组、中低水平组和低水平组。最后在阅读相关文献的基础上选取出十个解释变量，通过Stata软件构建面板分位数回归模型考察这十个影响因素对不同层次的农村集体经济发展水平的影响方向和影响程度。

实证结果如下：1.整体上来看，我国农村集体经济发展水平是波动上升的，缓慢前进的，而且省际之间发展水平差距较大，发展不平衡现象比较突出。2.处于不同发展水平地区的农村集体经济发展影响因素各不相同：农村集体经济发展水平处于高水平的各省，科技投入、人力资本、技术进步和政府扶持对农村集体经济发展具有积极的正向作用，人均耕地面积和第一产业增加值占比对于农村集体经济的发展具有反向作用；中高水平地区，前期更应该注意制度方面的改革，在稳定的制度基础上再进行产业结构的调整升级才能取得农村集体经济的进一步发展；而中低水平地区的主要驱动力量是政府支持、技术进步和升级以及资源资产的有效运用。最后是低水平地区的各省，这5个省农村集体经济发展水平最低，为缩小发展差距，需要加大在科技投入、技术进步、资产因素、政府支持和人力资本这五个方面的努力。根据实证分析结果，提出四点建议：1.推进产权改革，加强组织治理；2.整合各类资产，发展产业链经济；3.发挥政府只能，做好保障工作；4.引进专业人才，建立奖励机制；5.加大科技投入，实现技术进步。

As an important realization form of socialist public ownership economy in rural areas, rural collective economy has important characteristics such as public ownership, community and stability, and is also an important practical choice for China to consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation, comprehensively promote the rural revitalization strategy and promote farmers' rural areas to achieve the goal of common prosperity. The development of rural collective economy can not only organize farmers to resist risks together, but also broaden the channels of increasing farmers' income through the multi-field and deep development of agriculture and the extension of industrial chain and value chain. At the same time, it has the function of enriching the people and benefiting the people, which is helpful to promote the increase of low-income farmers' income and the construction of basic public services. However, the current development of rural collective economy faces a series of problems, such as slow growth, weak assets, single source of income and more empty-shell villages. Therefore, the rural collective economy needs further development.

This thesis takes 30 provinces in China (except Tibet) as the research object, and measures the development level of rural collective economy in the provincial area through quantitative index form. Then, based on the measurement results, the 30 provinces are divided into four levels, and then the influence of ten influencing factors on the development level of rural collective economy is investigated, so as to provide corresponding suggestions on how to further develop collective economy in different levels of regions. First of all, by combing the main literature at home and abroad to understand the research status quo, and explore the concepts of collective economy and rural collective economy; Secondly, according to the important time nodes, the development process of China's rural collective economy is divided into three stages, and the problems existing in the development are generally described; Thirdly, 21 indicators are selected to form the evaluation index system of rural collective economic development level in China, and the weight level of each indicator is calculated by using MATLAB software and the vertical and horizontal grading method which is more suitable for panel data, and the overall level of rural collective economic development and the overall level of provinces in China are obtained according to the calculated weights. Then, based on the scores of the development level of rural collective economy in each province, it is divided into high-level group, middle-high level group, middle-low level group and low-level group. Finally, on the basis of reading relevant literature, ten explanatory variables are selected, and the panel quantile regression model is constructed by Stata software to investigate the influence direction and degree of these ten influencing factors on the development level of rural collective economy at different levels.

The empirical results are as follows: 1. On the whole, the development level of rural collective economy in China is fluctuating and advancing slowly, and the gap between provinces is large, and the imbalance of development is more prominent. 2. The factors influencing the development of rural collective economy in regions with different levels of development are different: in provinces with high levels of rural collective economy development, investment in science and technology, human capital, technological progress and government support have a positive effect on the development of rural collective economy, while the per capita cultivated land area and the proportion of added value of primary industry have a negative effect on the development of rural collective economy; In the middle and high level areas, we should pay more attention to the reform of the system in the early stage, and then adjust and upgrade the industrial structure on the basis of a stable system to achieve further development of the rural collective economy; The main driving forces in low-level areas are government support, technological progress and upgrading, and effective use of resources and assets. Finally, the provinces in low-level areas have the lowest level of rural collective economic development. In order to narrow the development gap, we need to increase our efforts in five aspects: scientific and technological investment, technological progress, asset factors, government support and human capital. According to the results of empirical analysis, four suggestions are put forward: 1. Promote the reform of property rights and strengthen organizational governance; 2. Integrate all kinds of assets and develop industrial chain economy; 3. Give full play to the government's ability and do a good job in security; 4. Introduce professionals and establish an incentive mechanism; 5. Increase investment in science and technology to achieve technological progress.The empirical results are as follows: 1. On the whole, the development level of rural collective economy in China is fluctuating and advancing slowly, and the gap between provinces is large, and the imbalance of development is more prominent. 2. The factors influencing the development of rural collective economy in regions with different levels of development are different: in provinces with high levels of rural collective economy development, investment in science and technology, human capital, technological progress and government support have a positive effect on the development of rural collective economy, while the per capita cultivated land area and the proportion of added value of primary industry have a negative effect on the development of rural collective economy; In the middle and high level areas, we should pay more attention to the reform of the system in the early stage, and then adjust and upgrade the industrial structure on the basis of a stable system to achieve further development of the rural collective economy; The main driving forces in low-level areas are government support, technological progress and upgrading, and effective use of resources and assets. Finally, the provinces in low-level areas have the lowest level of rural collective economic development. In order to narrow the development gap, we need to increase our efforts in five aspects: scientific and technological investment, technological progress, asset factors, government support and human capital. According to the results of empirical analysis, four suggestions are put forward: 1. Promote the reform of property rights and strengthen organizational governance; 2. Integrate all kinds of assets and develop industrial chain economy; 3. Give full play to the government's ability and do a good job in security; 4. Introduce professionals and establish an incentive mechanism; 5. Increase investment in science and technology to achieve technological progress.