国际经济与贸易学院知识库

     《中国数字经济发展白皮书（2022）》和《2020年度中国对外直接投资统计公报》显示，服务业的数字经济渗透率位居我国三次产业之首，生产性服务业同时也是我国企业对外投资的主要方向和力量。2021 年发布的《“十四五”对外贸易高质量发展规划》更是进一步将“坚持数字赋能，加快数字化转型发展”作为下一阶段中国对外贸易发展的基本原则之一。在此背景下，中国生产性服务业企业的“走出去”现状却存在着投入大、营收小等问题。为助力我国生产性服务业企业做大做强，走出国门行稳致远，本文聚焦数字化转型对生产性服务业企业国际化程度的影响，以期为政府政策制定、企业战略选择提供有益参考。

      本文首先从理论层面出发，通过文献梳理和理论分析提出研究假设。其次，选取中国沪深两市 A 股生产性服务业上市公司 2007-2020 年财务数据，建立 OLS固定效应模型实证检验数字化转型对生产性服务业企业国际化程度的影响。在此基础之上，建立中介效应模型检验该影响的具体传导机制；运用多种方法进行稳健性检验以提高研究结论信度；并从应用技术、企业规模、企业所有制属性、企业所处区位四个层面展开异质性探讨，力图丰富研究结论。最后，辅以微观案例分析，通过对案例企业海默科技公开数据的搜集整理和实地调研访谈，探究具体情境下数字化转型如何影响生产性服务业企业的国际化程度。

      研究发现，第一，OLS 固定效应模型的回归结果显示生产性服务业企业的数字化转型对其国际化程度的影响系数显著性为正，验证了本文的假设，稳健性检验和内生性检验进一步证实了上述观点。第二，机制检验表明，数字化转型可以通过加强企业的动态能力和信号效应进而提高其国际化程度。第三，异质性分析结果显示，工业互联网技术的影响不显著，而大数据、云计算技术的应用则有着显著的正向影响；数字化转型对中小企业、国有企业和东部地区企业的影响更为显著。第四，案例分析的研究结论说明，数字化转型在提高海默科技生产效率的基础上，拓宽了其业务范围、革新了传统业务的开展模式，有助于其建立并巩固竞争优势，进一步开拓海外市场。本文的研究结论可为政府制定支持企业数字化转型的相关政策，企业自身运用数字技术开拓海外市场提供一定的参考。

    According to the White Paper on the Development of China's Digital Economy (2022) and the Statistical Bulletin of China's Foreign Direct Investment in 2020, the penetration rate of the digital economy in the service industry ranks first among China's three industries, and the productive service industry is also the main direction and strength of China's enterprises' foreign investment. The "14th Five Year Plan" for the High Quality Development of Foreign Trade, released in 2021, further regards "adhering to digital empowerment and accelerating digital transformation and development" as one of the basic principles for China's foreign trade development in the next stage. In this context, the current situation of "going global" of China's producer services enterprises is characterized by high investment and low revenue. In order to help China's producer service industry enterprises become bigger and stronger, and go global to achieve stability and prosperity, this article focuses on the impact of digital transformation on the internationalization of producer service industry enterprises, with a view to providing useful reference for policy formulation and enterprise strategy selection.

   This article starts from the theoretical level and proposes research hypotheses through literature review and theoretical analysis. Secondly, based on the financial data of A-share producer services listed companies in China's Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2007 to 2020, an OLS fixed effect model is established to empirically test the impact of digital transformation on the internationalization of producer services enterprises. On this basis, a mediation effect model is established to test the specific transmission mechanism of the impact; Using multiple methods for robustness testing to improve the reliability of research conclusions; And explore heterogeneity from four aspects: application technology, enterprise scale, enterprise ownership attributes, and enterprise location, in an effort to enrich research conclusions. Finally, supplemented by micro case analysis, through the collection and collation of public data from the case company Heimer Technology and field research interviews, we explore how digital transformation affects the internationalization of productive service industry enterprises in specific situations.

   The research finds that, first, the regression results of the OLS fixed effect model show that the significant coefficient of influence of the digital transformation of producer services enterprises on their degree of internationalization is positive, which validates the hypothesis of this article. The robustness test and endogenous test further confirm the above view. Secondly, the mechanism test shows that digital transformation can enhance the dynamic capabilities and signal effects of enterprises, thereby improving their internationalization. Thirdly, the results of heterogeneity analysis show that the impact of industrial internet technology is not significant, while the application of big data and cloud computing technology has a significant positive impact; The impact of digital transformation on small and medium-sized enterprises, state-owned enterprises, and enterprises in the eastern region is more significant. Fourth, the research conclusions of the case study indicate that the digital transformation has broadened the scope of its business and innovated the traditional business development model on the basis of improving the production efficiency of Heimer Technology, helping it establish and consolidate its competitive advantage and further explore overseas markets. The research conclusions of this article can provide some reference for the government to formulate relevant policies to support the digital transformation of enterprises, and for enterprises themselves to use digital technology to explore overseas markets.