经济学院知识库

如何在能源环境约束下实现经济长期稳定增长与生态环境保护“双赢目标”是当前中国紧迫解决的现实问题。通过将技术进步内生为有偏技术进步驱动中国绿色经济效率提升，已然成为中国发展方式绿色转型的重要引擎。党的二十大报告进一步明确要推动绿色发展、加快发展方式绿色转型，促进人与自然和谐共生，并强调了坚持创新在我国现代化建设全局中的核心地位。因此，本文沿着“问题提出→经典理论支撑→数据实证检验→结论与对策建议”这一研究思路，使用中国除港澳台和西藏自治区之外的30个省份1995—2020年面板数据对有偏技术进步、产业结构调整与绿色经济效率展开研究，旨在为中国制定推动经济绿色转型发展的政策提供理论支持。

本文首先梳理了有偏技术进步的内涵、评价方法以及与绿色经济相关的研究（绿色经济效率的测度、影响因素及其区域差异研究）；其次，在测度中国省级技术进步偏向指数和绿色经济效率基础上，使用统计分析方法分析了中国技术进步偏向指数及要素偏向性的时间趋势、绿色经济效率的时空演化趋势及其区域差异；再次，运用计量分析方法实证检验有偏技术进步对绿色经济效率增长的影响及作用机制；最后，针对本文的基本结论，为推动我国经济绿色转型发展，缩小地区绿色经济差距提出提升环境友好型资本存量、推动能源要素市场改革，鼓励清洁能源开发运用、加强人才队伍建设，放开人才落户限制、因地制宜选择合适的技术进步偏向组合等政策建议。通过分析，本文得出以下结论：

（1）环境约束下，要素技术进步偏向始终表现为能源和资本使用型、劳动节约型并存；绿色经济效率存在明显阶段性特征，且东部绿色经济效率整体优于中部和西部。

（2）全国层面来看，技术进步越偏向资本和能源使用型、劳动节约型，绿色经济效率就会得到更大提升，同时有偏技术进步可通过优化产业结构进而提升绿色经济效率。

（3）促进绿色经济效率增长的要素技术进步偏向程度大小为资本＞能源＞劳动；除劳动要素之外，资本和能源要素技术进步偏向存在显著的正向空间溢出效应，可有效提升邻近地区绿色经济效率，缩小区域绿色经济效率差距。

How to achieve the "win-win goal" of long-term stable economic growth and ecological environmental protection under the constraint of energy environment is an urgent practical problem in China. It has become an important engine for the green transformation of China's development mode by internalizing technological progress as partial technological progress to drive the efficiency improvement of China's green economy. The report of the Party's twenty National Congress further makes clear the need to promote green development, accelerate the green transformation of development mode, promote harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and stresses the central position of persisting in innovation in our country's modernization drive. Therefore, following the research idea of "problem proposal → classical theoretical support → data empirical test → conclusions and countermeasures", this paper uses panel data of 30 provinces in China except Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Xizang from 1995 to 2020 to study biased technological progress, industrial structure adjustment and green economy efficiency. This paper intends to provide theoretical support for formulating the policy of promoting the development of economic green transformation.

Firstly, this paper summarizes the connotation and evaluation methods of biased technological progress, as well as the research related to green economy (the measurement of green economic efficiency, influencing factors and regional differences). Secondly, on the basis of measuring the technical progress bias index and the green economy efficiency at the provincial level in China, the temporal trend of the technical progress bias index and the factor bias, the spatio-temporal evolution trend of the green economy efficiency and its regional differences were investigated by statistical analysis method. Thirdly, the econometric analysis method is used to empirically test the impact and mechanism of biased technological progress on the growth of green economic efficiency. Finally, according to the basic conclusions of this paper, in order to promote the green transformation development of Chinese economy and narrow the gap of regional green economy, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions, such as improving the environment-friendly capital stock, promoting the reform of energy factor market, encouraging the development and application of clean energy, strengthening the construction of talent team, letting go of restrictions on talent settlement, and choosing the appropriate combination of technological progress preference according to local conditions. Through analysis, this paper draws the following conclusions:

(1) Under environmental constraints, the tendency of technological progress of factors always shows the coexistence of energy and capital use type and labor saving type; Green economy efficiency has obvious stage characteristics, and the eastern green economy efficiency is better than the central and the western.

(2) At the national level, the more technological progress is oriented towards capital and energy use and labor saving, the greater the improvement of green economic efficiency will be. Meanwhile, partial technological progress can improve green economic efficiency by optimizing industrial structure.

(3) The factor of promoting green economic efficiency growth is that capital factor is greater than energy factor than labor factor. In addition to the labor factor, the technological progress bias of capital and energy factors has a significant positive spatial spillover effect, which can effectively improve the green economy efficiency of neighboring areas and narrow the regional green economy efficiency gap.