国际经济与贸易学院知识库

       作为现代国际贸易体系中的重要业态之一，跨境数字贸易的发展速度令人震
撼，成为全球经济增长新引擎，正在改变就业人群、领域和方式。数字贸易具有
更低的生产和交易成本、更显著的规模经济和范围经济、更高的资本有机构成、
交易的平台化和供应链的网络化等特征，这些特征也催生出了新业态，新职业，
新就业模式，为我国女性就业带来利好。

       在此背景下，本文从女性就业视角出发，采用 2010-2020 年 31 个省级面板
数据，实证研究了跨境数字贸易对国内女性就业的影响。文章首先对跨境数字贸
易发展和女性就业现状进行了分析；其次，从理论层面探讨了跨境数字贸易对国
内女性就业规模的直接影响和间接影响；接着采用固定效应模型实证检验了跨境
数字贸易对女性就业的影响，并进行稳健性和异质性等一系列检验；最后通过中
介效应检验与调节效应检验对跨境数字贸易影响女性就业进行作用机制分析。研
究结果表明：（1）一系列稳健性检验后估计结果表明，跨境数字贸易对中国女
性就业有着显著的正向促进作用。（2）异质性分析发现，跨境数字贸易对女性
就业的影响存在区域和时间异质性：跨境数字贸易在政策出台前对女性就业的促
进作用大于政策出台后；非沿海地区的跨境数字贸易对女性就业的促进作用强于
沿海地区。（3）中介效应表明，跨境数字贸易通过推动产业结构升级促进了女
性就业规模的扩大。（4）调节效应表明，女性人力资本水平越高，跨境数字贸
易对女性就业规模的促进作用越明显；经济自由度越高，跨境数字贸易越有利于
女性就业。最后，从加快数字基础设施建设、加大数字贸易发展力度，缩小地区
间数字贸易女性就业差异、提高女性参与跨境数字贸易发展的能力、坚定不移扩
大对外开放水平和加快数字贸易赋能产业的速度等方面提出对策建议。

    As one of the important forms of business in the modern international trading system, cross-border digital trade has developed at an impressive speed, become a new engine of global economic growth, and is changing the number, areas and ways of employment. Digital trade is characterized by lower production and transaction costs, higher organic composition of capital, platform of transactions and network of supply chain. These characteristics have also given birth to new business forms, new occupations and new employment modes, bringing good news to the employment of women in China.

    In this context, from the perspective of female employment, this paper uses the data of 31 provincial panels from 2010 to 2020 to empirically study the impact of cross-border digital trade on domestic female employment. The paper firstly analyzes the development of digital
trade and the direct and indirect effects of cross-border digital trade on
domestic female employment; then examines the influence of cross-border digital trade on female employment by fixed effect model, and conducts a series of tests on robustness and heterogeneity; and finally, the mechanism of cross-border digital trade on female employment was
analyzed through the test of mediation effect and regulation effect. The
results show that: (1) a series of robustness test estimates show that
cross-border digital trade has a significant positive effect on the employment of Chinese women.(2) Heterogeneity analysis found that the impact of cross-border digital trade on female employment has regional and temporal heterogeneity: the promotion effect of cross-border digital trade on female employment is greater than that before the introduction of the policy; cross-border digital trade in non-coastal areas on female employment is stronger than that in coastal areas.(3) Intermediation effect shows that cross-border digital trade promotes the expansion of female employment scale by promoting the upgrading of industrial structure.(4)The adjustment effect shows that the higher the level of female humancapital, the more obvious cross-border digital trade promotes the scale of female employment; the higher the index of economic freedom, the more beneficial cross-border digital trade is to female employment. Finally, countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from the aspects of accelerating the construction of digital infrastructure, strengthening the development of digital trade, narrowing the difference in women's employment between regions, improving the ability of women's ability to participate in the development of cross-border digital trade, unswervingly expanding the level of opening to the outside world and speeding up the speed of digital trade enabling industry.