国际经济与贸易学院知识库

        2018年4月10日，习近平总书记在博鳌亚洲论坛提出新时期中国扩大对外开放的四项重大举措，其中之一便是“主动扩大进口”，这一举措是中国外贸政策的重大转变，向国际社会传递出非同寻常的“信号”，表明了中国积极扩大开放、共享市场机遇的坚定决心。近年来发生的中兴事件、华为事件等使人们意识到“卡脖子”问题亟待突破，关键核心技术一定要自给自足。然而，中国面临的现实问题是企业普遍缺乏自主创新的意识和能力，高技术产品一方面具有附加值高、成长性好、辐射性大的特点，是我国优化贸易结构优化方向之一；另一方面，进口的高技术产品中凝结了各国的先进技术和研发投入，能够帮助国内企业在引进技术再创新的基础上进行自主创新，提高科技创新效率。因此，高技术产品逐渐成为我国进口贸易的重点领域。

  当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局，金融危机、新冠肺炎疫情、大国博弈等因素相互作用，使得国际贸易形势更加复杂严峻，逆全球化思潮再度兴起，贸易保护主义频频抬头。知识产权保护成为发达国家巩固其贸易地位，限制高技术产品出口的强大武器。同时，保护知识产权就是保护创新。在此背景下，研究知识产权保护对高技术产品进口二元边际的影响，对扩大高技术产品进口规模和提高企业科技创新能力具有十分重要的指导意义。

  本文首先从理论层面分析了知识产权保护对高技术产品进口二元边际的影响机理；其次，梳理总结了中国高技术产品的知识产权保护现状；随后，介绍了二元边际的分解框架，并将高技术产品进口贸易总额分解为集约边际和扩展边际；接着，通过扩展的引力模型，结合2007-2019年中国从50个贸易伙伴国进口高技术产品的面板数据，实证分析了强化知识产权保护如何作用于高技术产品的进口贸易边际，并得出结论：提高知识产权保护水平对高技术产品进口集约边际和扩展边际均有着显著的正向影响；最后，针对上述现状分析与实证结论，就强化知识产权保护从而扩大高技术产品进口提出针对性建议。

    On 10 April 2018, General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed four major initiatives to expand China's opening-up in the new era at the Boao Forum for Asia, one of which is to "actively expand imports", a major shift in China's foreign trade policy that sends an extraordinary signal to the international community, demonstrating China's firm determination to actively expand and open up and share market opportunities. The ZTE and Huawei incidents in recent years have made people aware of the urgent need for a breakthrough in the " strangle" problem and the need to achieve self-sufficiency in key core technologies. However, the real problem facing China is that enterprises generally lack the awareness and ability of independent innovation. High-tech products, on the one hand, have the characteristics of high added value, good growth and great drive, and are one of the directions for optimising China's trade structure; on the other hand, imported high-tech products condense the advanced technology and R&D investment of various countries, which can help domestic enterprises to carry out independent innovation on the basis of imported technology reinvention On the other hand, imported high-tech products contain advanced technology and R&D investment from various countries, which can help domestic enterprises to carry out independent innovation on the basis of imported technology reinvention and improve the efficiency of technological innovation. Therefore, high-tech products have gradually become a key area of China's import trade.

    The world is now experiencing the greatest change ever seen in a century, with the financial crisis, the new pneumonia epidemic, the game of big powers and other factors interacting with each other, making the international trade situation more complex and severe, with the resurgence of anti-globalisation thinking and the frequent rise of trade protectionism.Intellectual property protection has become a powerful weapon for developed countries to consolidate their trade position and restrict the export of high technology products. It is important to recognise that the protection of intellectual property rights is the protection of innovation. Against this background, it is important to study the impact of intellectual property protection on the binary margin of high-tech product imports, in order to expand the scale of high-tech product imports and improve the technological innovation capability of enterprises.

    This paper firstly analyses the mechanism of the impact of IPR protection on the binary margin of high-tech product imports from a theoretical perspective; secondly, it summarises the current situation of IPR protection for high-tech products in China; then it introduces the decomposition framework of the binary margin and decomposes the total trade volume of high-tech product imports into the intensive margin and the extended margin; then, through an extended gravity model, it combines the total trade volume of high-tech product imports from 50 trading partner countries from 2007-2019 with the total trade volume of high-tech products in China. Then, using an extended gravity model, we empirically analyze the impact of IPR protection on the binary margins of high-technology product imports by combining panel data on China's high-technology product imports from 50 trading partner countries from 2007-2019, and conclude that strengthening IPR protection in China has a positive impact on both the intensive and extended margins of high-technology product imports. Finally, in light of the above analysis and empirical findings, targeted suggestions are made to strengthen intellectual property protection and thus expand imports of high-tech products.