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金融危机前后，虽然劳动收入份额由降转升，但与世界平均水平相比还有一定差距，同时2019年以来的新冠疫情对就业产生了较大冲击，很可能不利于劳动收入份额的提高。而近些年来数字经济的蓬勃兴起为经济增长提供了新动能，实现了社会生产效率的极大提升。那么，数字经济发展在提升劳动生产率的同时，是否能够增加劳动收入份额、缩小收入差距，这是中国式现代化进程中、迈向“共同富裕”中需要思考的重要问题。
分析发现，数字经济通过改变就业结构进而影响劳动收入份额变动。数字经济的迅速发展对劳动就业产生了创造效应和替代效应，就业创造效应表现为优化了劳动力资源配置、新兴岗位的产生和新就业形式的出现，因而扩大了就业规模；替代效应则是数字技术进步对部分传统行业以及低技能劳动的冲击，减弱了这部分就业需求，由此会引发结构性失业，不利于充分就业。两种效应的相互叠加，促使就业结构发生变动，加之不同类型就业人员的劳动收入存在差异，最终作用于劳动收入份额，具体变动方向则取决于两种效应的大小。
在现有研究基础上，本文通过熵权法对数字经济发展指数进行测度，构建双向固定的回归模型探究数字经济发展对劳动收入份额的影响效应及作用机制。主要结论有：（1）数字经济发展能够促进劳动收入份额的提升，宏观数据和微观数据均证实了此结论；（2）从作用机制上看，数字经济发展能够对就业教育结构、就业所有制结构、就业性别结构、就业技能结构和就业收入结构产生影响，进而促进了劳动收入份额的提升；（3）异质性分析表明，数字经济发展对技术密集型行业的促进效应大于劳动密集型和资本密集型行业，从所有制角度看，对国有经济的影响效应要大于非国有经济；（4）从产业链视角出发，数字经济发展对产业链上、下游均产生了正向的技术溢出效应，但由中间产品表现的非技术溢出表现为挤出效应。因此，未来应持续推进数字经济基础设施建设，加强数字技术研发与应用，形成创新引领的发展模式，同时重视高技术人才的培养与引进，实行员工定期培训制度，以提高整体劳动力质量，此外要完善收入分配制度，提高社会保障能力，减轻不利冲击造成的就业波动。

Before and after the financial crisis, although the labor income share turned from declining to rising, there is still a certain gap compared with the world average level. In recent years, the vigorous rise of digital economy has provided new driving forces for economic growth and greatly improved social production efficiency. Therefore, whether the development of digital economy can increase the labor income share and narrow the income gap while improving labor productivity is an important issue that needs to be considered in the process of Chinese-style modernization and toward "common prosperity."
The analysis finds that the digital economy affects the labor income share by changing the employment structure. The rapid development of digital economy has created effect and substitution effect on labor employment. The substitution effect is that the impact of digital technology progress on some traditional industries and low-skilled labor weakens the employment demand of these industries, which will lead to structural unemployment and is not conducive to full employment. The superposition of the two effects leads to changes in the employment structure, and the labor income of different types of employees is different, which ultimately affects the labor income share,the specific direction of change depends on the size of the two effects.
On the basis of existing studies, this paper mainly adopts panel data combining macro and micro levels, measures the digital economy development index by entropy weight method, and constructs a two-way fixed regression model to explore the effect and mechanism of digital economy development on labor income share. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The development of digital economy can promote the increase of labor income share, which is confirmed by both macro and micro data. (2) From the perspective of mechanism, the development of digital economy can affect the employment education structure, employment ownership structure, employment gender structure, employment skill structure and employment income structure, and thus promote the increase of labor income share; (3) Heterogeneity analysis shows that the promotion effect of digital economy development on technology-intensive industries is greater than that of labor-intensive and capital-intensive industries. From the perspective of ownership, the effect on state-owned economy is greater than that on non-state-owned economy. (4) From the perspective of industrial chain, the development of digital economy has a positive technology spillover effect on both the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain, but the non-technology spillover effect of intermediate products is manifested as crowding out effect. Therefore, in the future, we should continue to promote the construction of digital economy infrastructure, strengthen the research and development and application of digital technology, and form an innovation-led development mode. At the same time, we should attach importance to the cultivation and introduction of high-tech talents, implement regular staff training system, and improve the overall quality of labor force. In addition, we should improve the income distribution system, improve the social security capacity, and reduce the employment fluctuation caused by adverse shocks.