MBA教育中心知识库

随着国家政策的出台和城市化水平的快速提升，中国环卫行业迅速发展，环卫服务市场总量不断扩张，各类市场主体纷纷涌入环卫市场，环卫市场竞争进入白热化。目前环卫行业整体利润率很低，在新冠肺炎疫情影响下，社会和政府对环卫运营质量提出了更高的要求，面对激烈的竞争和不确定的环境因素，如何合理利用现有资源，降低环卫运营成本，提高经济效益，是每个环卫服务企业普遍面临的问题。在此背景下，本文开展对启迪环境中南区域环卫运营成本管理的优化研究具有重要的意义。

论文以启迪环境中南区域为研究对象，从该企业环卫运营现状入手，通过现场调查发现该企业环卫运营成本管理中存在人工成本和车辆作业成本偏高等问题，并采用访谈法找到问题的成因。论文依据成本管理理论，采用图论与网络、线性规划等方法，通过构建数学模型对环卫运营中的人员排班、车辆作业路线规划、垃圾站点选址进行优化，降低环卫运营成本，实现环卫运营成本管理优化的目的。本文以人工成本最小化为研究目标，考虑保洁岗位的人力需求与所处服务区域的人流量相关，使用错位轮询排班法，构建了人员排班优化模型，并采用整数规划法进行求解；以车辆作业成本最小化为研究目标，考虑了车辆作业路径距离及成本，构建了车辆作业路线规划优化模型，并采用动态规划法和中国邮递员问题求解法进行求解；以垃圾站点选址最优为目标，考虑了垃圾箱布置数量及位置、垃圾运距和运量，构建了垃圾站点选址优化模型，并采用混合整数规划法进行求解。最后，本文以启迪环境中南区域正在运营环卫项目为案例，将真实环卫运营数据带入数学模型求解，验证了优化模型的可操作性、适用性和实用性，它能有效对环卫运营成本管理进行优化，降低环卫运营成本。

研究结果表明，本文创新地将人员排班优化、车辆作业路线规划优化和垃圾站点选址优化在环卫运营成本管理中进行应用，有效地降低了环卫运营成本，提高了环卫运营经济效益，丰富了环卫运营成本管理优化研究的内容，对环卫行业其他企业具有借鉴意义。

With the introduction of national policies and the rapid improvement of urbanization, China's environmental sanitation industry has developed rapidly, the total volume of the environmental sanitation service market has continued to expand, and various market players have poured into the environmental sanitation market. The competition in the environmental sanitation market has become fiercer. At present, the overall profit rate of the sanitation industry is very low. Under the influence of the COVID-19, the society and the government have put forward higher requirements for the quality of sanitation operations. In the face of fierce competition and uncertain environmental factors, how to reasonably use existing resources, reduce sanitation operating costs, and improve economic efficiency is a common problem faced by every sanitation service enterprise. In this context, it is of great significance to carry out the research on the optimization of sanitation operation cost management in the central and southern regions of Tus Environmental.

The paper takes the central and southern regions of Tus Environmental. as the research object. Starting from the current situation of the enterprise's sanitation operation, it finds that the enterprise's sanitation operation cost management has problems such as high labor costs and vehicle operation costs through on-site investigation, and uses interview to find the causes of the problems. According to the cost management theory, the paper uses graph theory, network, linear programming and other methods to optimize the personnel scheduling, vehicle operation route planning and garbage site selection in the environmental sanitation operation by building a mathematical model, so as to reduce the environmental sanitation operation cost and achieve the purpose of environmental sanitation operation cost management optimization. This paper takes the minimization of labor cost as the research goal, considers that the human demand of cleaning posts is related to the flow of people in the service area, uses the staggered polling scheduling method to build an optimization model of personnel scheduling, and uses the integer programming method to solve it; Taking the minimization of vehicle operation cost as the research objective, considering the distance and cost of vehicle operation path, an optimization model of vehicle operation path planning is constructed, and the dynamic programming method and the Chinese postman problem solving method are used to solve it; Aiming at the optimization of garbage site selection, considering the number and location of garbage bins, garbage transportation distance and volume, an optimization model of garbage site selection was constructed and solved by mixed integer programming. Finally, this paper takes the environmental sanitation project being operated in the south central region of Tus Environmental. as a case, brings the real environmental sanitation operation data into the mathematical model for solution, and verifies the operability, applicability and practicability of the optimization model, which can effectively optimize the cost management of environmental sanitation operation and reduce the environmental sanitation operation cost.

The research results show that this paper innovatively applies the optimization of personnel scheduling, vehicle operation route planning and garbage site selection in the environmental sanitation operation cost management, effectively reduces the environmental sanitation operation cost, improves the economic benefits of environmental sanitation operation, enriches the content of the environmental sanitation operation cost management optimization research, and has reference significance for other enterprises in the environmental sanitation industry.