经济学院知识库

       黄河流域水资源严重短缺，水资源贫困程度直接关乎到其生态环境保护和经济高质量发展。甘肃地处黄河上游，是重要的水源涵养区与生态保护区，黄河流域甘肃段的水资源状况评估是黄河流域生态安全研究领域的重要组成部分，深入研究和解决水贫困问题，对推进生态文明建设发挥着重要作用。因此，为全面评估黄河流域甘肃段的水资源状况，并对研究区域内社会经济发展提供较为安全的水资源环境，有必要建立一个科学合理的水资源评估体系。
       本文选取黄河流域甘肃段作为研究区域，综合考量水贫困影响因素，结合当地社会、经济和生态环境特征，建立“资源—设施—能力—使用—环境”评价体系框架，选取 26 个具有代表性的指标构建黄河流域甘肃段水贫困测度指标体系，并通过熵值法赋予指标权重，分析其水贫困水平。研究结果表明：（1）时间序列上，2010-2020 年黄河流域甘肃段水贫困指数在 0.424-0.472 之间波动，由 2010年的 0.447 波动上升至 2020 年的 0.472，上升了 5.593%，年均上升 0.508%，水贫困程度整体上呈现出下降的趋势。其中，兰州、白银、天水、平凉、庆阳的WPI 值处于较高水平，表明其水贫困程度较弱；定西、临夏、甘南 WPI 值处于较低水平，表明其水贫困程度较强。（2）空间分布上，黄河流域甘肃段 8 市（州）在研究期内水贫困指数都有较好的发展趋势，但各市（州）之间存在着明显差异。其高值区多位于东北部，其次是西南部，水贫困指数的低值区位于中部。（3）在准则层影响因素分析中，按照障碍度从大到小的顺序原则排列，发现水资源状况、使用状况两个系统的障碍度最大。从指标层障碍度看，影响黄河流域甘肃段水贫困状况的影响因素主要集中在资源、能力和环境子系统，主要为地表水源供水量、万元 GDP 用水量、旱水灾成灾面积占比、建成区绿化覆盖率，均对水贫困程度产生较大影响。

      There is a serious shortage of water resources in the Yellow River Basin, and the degree of water poverty is directly related to its ecological environment protection and high-quality economic development. Gansu is located in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and is an important water conservation area and ecological protection area. The assessment of water resources in the Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin is an important part of the field of ecological security research in the Yellow River Basin. Construction plays an important role. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a scientific and reasonable water resource
assessment system in order to comprehensively assess the water resources status of the Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin and provide a relatively safe water resource environment for the social and economic development of the study area. 
      This paper selects the Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin as the research area, comprehensively considers the influencing factors of water poverty, and combines the characteristics of local society, economy and ecological environment, and establishes the evaluation system framework
of "resources-facilities-capacity-use-environment", and selects 26 representative evaluation systems. The index constructs a water poverty measurement index system in the Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin, and assigns weights to the indicators through the entropy method to analyze its water poverty level.The research results show as followed.(i)In terms of time series, the water poverty index in the Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin fluctuated between 0.424 and 0.472 from 2010 to
2020, rising from 0.447 in 2010 to 0.472 in 2020, an increase of 5.593%, with an average annual increase of 0.508%. Overall, there is a downward trend. Among them, the WPI values of Lanzhou, Baiyin, Tianshui, Pingliang, and Qingyang are at high levels, indicating that their water poverty levels are relatively weak; Dingxi, Linxia, and Gannan have low WPI values, indicating that their water poverty levels are relatively
strong.(ii) In terms of spatial distribution, the water poverty index of 8 cities (prefectures) in the Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin has a good development trend during the study period, but there are obvious differences among the cities (prefectures). Most of its high-value areas are located in the northeast, followed by the southwest, and the low-value areas of the water poverty index are located in the middle.(iii)In the analysis of influencing factors at the criterion level, according to the
principle of order of obstacle degree from large to small, it is found that the two systems of water resources status and use status have the largest obstacle degree. From the perspective of the obstacle degree of the index layer, the influencing factors affecting the water poverty in the Gansu
section of the Yellow River Basin are mainly concentrated in the resources, capacity and environmental subsystems, mainly including surface water supply, water consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP, the proportion of drought and flood disaster areas, The green coverage rate of built-up areas has a great impact on the degree of water poverty.