会计学院知识库

创新作为推动我国经济发展的“核心引擎”，在引领经济发展和推动经济高质量转型中都发挥着重要作用。企业作为创新的最基本单元，内部的创新活动不但有助于建立自身可持续竞争优势，实现自身经济利益目标，而且有助于推动国家产业升级。为实现建设创新型国家的目标，国家及地方政府出台了一系列相关奖补和优惠政策，推动各类企业开展技术创新以提高企业绩效，企业也积极响应政策号召开展创新活动。但是，创新活动投资成本高、投资回收周期长、成功率不可控等特点，使企业稍有不慎就会落入创新活动产生的风险陷阱，此外，在创新过程中，企业也很有可能由于内部管理能力较弱，出现创新资源的贪污浪费。为此，企业有必要建立一个完善的风险控制与考核监督机制，即内部控制来确保企业创新活动的有效进行。那么，如何判断内部控制有效性对企业创新绩效产生的影响呢？国内学者多以各类内部控制指数测度内部控制有效程度，研究内部控制有效性与企业创新绩效的关系，但现有研究成果由于测度方式不同，未取得一致结论。

基于此，本文从缺陷披露视角出发，选取2012-2020年中国A股上市公司数据作为研究样本，研究并检验内部控制有效性对企业创新绩效的影响。研究结果表明，相较于不存在内部控制重大缺陷的企业，存在内部控制重大缺陷的企业，内部控制有效性较差，不利于企业创新绩效的提高；企业内部控制无效持续的时间越长，对企业创新绩效产生的负面影响越大；相较于财报性质的内部控制重大缺陷，企业创新绩效受非财报性质的内部控制重大缺陷的影响更大。本文进一步研究发现，内部控制重大缺陷会通过恶化企业信息不对称问题，提高企业经营风险，最终影响企业创新绩效，此外，缓和的外部治理环境会使内部控制重大缺陷与企业创新绩效之间的负相关系增强。

本文的研究不仅有助于全面认识加强企业内部管理制度建设的重要作用，也为企业进一步提升创新绩效提供了可能路径。同时，为政府加强宏观环境建设，提供了经验证据。

As the "core engine" of China's economic development, innovation plays an important role in leading economic development and promoting high-quality economic transformation. As the most basic unit of innovation, enterprises' internal innovation activities not only help to establish their own sustainable competitive advantages and achieve their own economic interests, but also help to promote national industrial upgrading. In order to achieve the goal of building an innovative country, the national and local governments have issued a series of relevant awards and subsidies and preferential policies to promote all kinds of enterprises to carry out technological innovation to improve their performance, and enterprises also actively respond to the call of the policy to carry out innovation activities. However, due to the high investment cost, long investment recovery cycle and uncontrollable success rate of innovation activities, enterprises will fall into the risk trap generated by innovation activities if they are careless. In addition, enterprises are likely to waste innovation resources due to their weak internal management ability in the process of innovation. Therefore, it is necessary for enterprises to establish a perfect risk control and assessment and supervision mechanism, that is, internal control to ensure the effective implementation of enterprise innovation activities. Then, how to judge the impact of internal control effectiveness on enterprise innovation performance? Domestic scholars mostly use various internal control indexes to measure the effectiveness of internal control and study the relationship between the effectiveness of internal control and enterprise innovation performance, but the existing research results have not reached a consistent conclusion due to the different measurement methods.

Based on this, from the perspective of defect disclosure, this paper selects the data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2012 to 2020 as research samples to study and test the impact of internal control effectiveness on enterprise innovation performance. The results show that compared with enterprises without major internal control defects, enterprises with major internal control defects have poor internal control effectiveness, which is not conducive to the improvement of enterprise innovation performance. The longer the duration of internal control inefficiency, the greater the negative impact on enterprise innovation performance; Compared with the major defects of internal control in the nature of financial statements, the innovation performance of enterprises is more affected by the major defects of internal control in the nature of non-financial statements. Further research in this paper finds that major internal control defects will worsen the information asymmetry of enterprises, improve the business risk, and ultimately affect the innovation performance of enterprises. In addition, the moderating external governance environment will enhance the negative relationship between major internal control defects and enterprise innovation performance.

The research of this paper not only helps to comprehensively understand the important role of strengthening the construction of internal management system of enterprises, but also provides a possible path for enterprises to further improve their innovation performance. At the same time, it provides empirical evidence for the government to strengthen the construction of macro environment.