经济学院知识库

劳动力是城市经济发展的主要动力之一，是城市经济建设的基础。随着城市经济的不断发展和居民生活质量的不断提升，劳动力在进行流动选择时不再只考虑城市的经济因素，而更多关注城市的宜居程度。在以人为本的新型城镇化建设背景下，为了更好的实现城市高质量发展，满足人们对美好生活的需求。我们试图将城市住房价格、城市宜居性与劳动力流动放在统一框架内展开探讨，探索城市宜居性与住房价格对劳动力流动的主要影响路径，以及城市宜居性对城市住房价格的抚平作用。

首先，通过对城市间一般均衡理论、推拉理论和蒂伯特理论的梳理分析，进一步厘清住房价格与城市宜居性对劳动力流动的影响路径；

其次，采用引力模型分析265个地级及以上城市的劳动力流动现状，在构建综合指标体系的基础上运用熵值法测算评估各个城市的宜居性指数，并分析各个城市的住房价格指数；

再次，运用探索性空间数据分析方法（ESDA）对城市住房价格、宜居性与城市劳动力流动进行空间相关性分析。

最后，在相关性分析的基础上构建空间计量模型，进行全样本的实证分析和空间差异性分析。

研究表明：（1）城市住房价格、城市宜居性与劳动力流动呈现出明显的聚集特征，三者呈现出显著的空间相关性，即三者在水平相似的地级市及以上城市空间上集聚性增强。（2）城市宜居性对劳动力流动有显著正向影响，同时城市宜居性对住房价格具有抚平作用，城市宜居性的提高可在一定程度上减弱住房价格对劳动力流动的负向影响；（3）城市宜居性不仅吸引本地的劳动力流动，而且对周边城市的劳动力流动亦存在显著的正向溢出效应，也就是说城市宜居性的提高对周边城市的劳动力流动也具有一定程度的正向影响。（4）对于不同经济水平的城市而言，城市宜居性对劳动力流动的影响存在显著空间差异，经济水平越高、经济发展越聚集的城市其宜居性对劳动力流动的影响越显著，同时城市宜居性对住房价格的抚平作用也越明显。

因此，在新型城镇化建设的进程中，为了更好的实现以人为本的城镇化建设要求，应该更加注重城市软环境的建设，以满足城市居民的基本需求为首要条件，让外来劳动力进得来、留得下、过得好。针对以上目的提出建议如下：（1）要因地制宜，根据不同城市的发展状况和城市居民的根本需求合理规划城市宜居性建设，避免千篇一律的建设标准，融入城市特有的文化魅力；（2）破除城市间发展壁垒，促进城市间沟通与合作，实现信息共享和资源共享；（3）要加强绿色发展，推动产业结构升级，保护城市自然环境和资源；（4）要加快政府职能转变，提高地方政府的服务能力和现代化治理能力，更好的满足人民的对美好生活的需要。

The labor force is one of the main driving forces of urban economic development and the foundation of urban economic construction. With the continuous development of the urban economy and the continuous improvement of the quality of life of residents, the labor force no longer only considers the economic factors of the city when making mobility choices, but pays more attention to the livability of the city. In the context of people-oriented new urbanization construction, in order to better achieve high-quality urban development and meet people's needs for a better life. We try to discuss urban housing prices, urban livability and labor mobility within a unified framework, explore the main paths of urban livability and housing prices on labor mobility, and how urban livability can smooth urban housing prices effect. First, through the analysis of general equilibrium theory between cities, push-pull theory and Tibbert theory, the impact path of housing prices and urban livability on labor mobility is further clarified. Second, the gravity model is used to analyze 265 cities at the prefecture level and above. Based on the construction of a comprehensive index system, the entropy method is used to calculate and evaluate the livability index of each city, and the housing price index of each city is analyzed; Spatial correlation analysis of housing price, livability and urban labor mobility. Finally, the spatial econometric model is constructed on the basis of correlation analysis, and the empirical analysis and spatial difference analysis of the whole sample are carried out. The research shows that: (1) Urban housing prices, urban livability and labor mobility show obvious clustering characteristics, and the three show significant spatial correlation, that is, the three are clustered in cities with similar levels of prefecture-level cities and above. Sexual enhancement. (2) Urban livability has a significant positive impact on labor mobility, and urban livability has a smoothing effect on housing prices. The improvement of urban livability can reduce the negative impact of housing prices on labor mobility to a certain extent. (3) Urban livability not only attracts local labor mobility, but also has a significant positive spillover effect on labor mobility in surrounding cities. positive impact. (4) For cities with different economic levels, there are significant spatial differences in the impact of urban livability on labor mobility. The higher the economic level and the more concentrated the economic development, the more significant the impact of livability on labor mobility is. The smoothing effect of urban livability on housing prices is also more obvious. Therefore, in the process of new-type urbanization construction, in order to better realize the requirements of people-oriented urbanization construction, more attention should be paid to the construction of urban soft environment, to meet the basic needs of urban residents as the primary condition, and to allow foreign labor to come in and stay. Get down, have a good time. The suggestions for the above purposes are as follows: (1) It is necessary to adapt measures to local conditions, reasonably plan urban livability construction according to the development status of different cities and the fundamental needs of urban residents, avoid stereotyped construction standards, and integrate into the unique cultural charm of cities; (2) Eliminate Inter-city development barriers, promote inter-city communication and cooperation, and realize information sharing and resource sharing; (3) to strengthen green development, promote industrial structure upgrade, and protect urban natural environment and resources; (4) to speed up the transformation of government functions and improve local The government's service capabilities and modern governance capabilities can better meet the people's needs for a better life.