经济学院知识库

劳动力流动及产业结构优化升级一直是学术界关注的热点话题。目前，我国的产业结构升级的进程比较缓慢，我国的经济发展面临转型。在保证经济增长的同时，使得各地区的经济能够协调发展。产业结构升级可以提高经济发展水平，提升国家在国际上的话语权。劳动力作为重要的生产要素，在产业结构升级中发挥的作用不容小觑，因此十九大报告大力提倡职业教育，一方面，劳动者获得实际工作中需要的职业技能，并且学以致用，也就是人力资本的积累；另一方面，高素质劳动力具有知识溢出效应，最终加快产业结构升级的进程。我国处于人口红利时期的时候，劳动力无限供给，然而随着民工荒现象、人口红利式微以及劳动力成本上升等问题的出现，探究异质性劳动力流动对产业结构升级的影响有意义。

 本文通过对现有文献的研读梳理，考虑到我国异质性劳动力流动面临的现实情况，从劳动经济学、政治经济学的角度界定异质性劳动力的定义。之后，从两个方面分析异质性劳动力流动对产业结构升级的作用机制，直接作用机制包含要素禀赋升级机制和优化资源配置效用，间接影响包括人力资本积累和消费需求机制，以期为相关政策的制定提供理论建议和实证支持。然后，基于劳动力异质性，将劳动力分为高、低技能两部分，构建基准回归模型，利用我国2005-2019年省级面板数据做计量检验，并通过中介效应模型对可能存在的机制进行验证。研究结果显示：从全国范围看，高技能和低技能劳动力流动对产业结构升级均具有显著地促进作用；分区域来看，高技能劳动力对东中西三大区域的产业结构升级有正向促进作用，低技能劳动力有利于东部地区的产业结构升级，而对中部和西部地区的产业结构升级有负向作用，但这一负向作用并未通过显著性检验。最后，基于现状与实证分析结果，为进一步促进产业结构升级提出如下对策建议：第一，重视劳动力异质性，促使劳动力合理流动；第二，重视教育，加快产业技术创新升级；第三，充分利用人力资本积累效应带来的技术创新。

China's labor flow and industrial structure optimization and upgrading has always been a hot topic in economic research. At present, China's industrial structure upgrading process is relatively slow, China's economic development is facing transformation.While ensuring economic growth, the economy of various regions can develop harmoniously.Labor, as an important factor of production, is good at industrial structure. All in all, the labor nend the pqwer in the work. Anthor, workers can acquire the vocational skills needed in practical work and apply what they learn,  However, with the emergence of problems such as shortage of migrant labors, it is significant for industrial structure to learn the useness of different labor mobility .

This article through to the existing literature study, considering the heterogeneity labor flow in our country faces the reality, from the Angle of labor economics, political economics, defines the definition of heterogeneous labor, and heterogeneous labor migration from two aspects of the upgrading mechanism of factor endowments and optimize the allocation of resources, Then, the empirical part divides the labor force into high-skilled labor force and low-skilled labor force,makeing useing of 30 provinces datas from 2005 to 2019 to build an econometric model in China, empirically tests the impact of heterogeneous labor flow on the upgrading of industrial structure, Results show that a nationally, from the point of subregional, highly skilled workforce significantly promote features three regional industrial structure upgrade, low skill labor positive influence on the eastern regional industrial structure upgrade, less skilled Labour for central and western region the industrial structure upgrade has a negative effect, But it failed the significance test.Based on this, the author comes up with some advices: first, focus on the different labor force, promote the reasonable flow of labor force; In the next place, attach importance to education and speed up industrial technological innovation and upgrading; finally, make use of technolog brought by human capital accumulation effect.