会计学院知识库

近几年来，由于我国国内企业改制速度日益加快、产业结构也发生了大幅调整，市场竞争形式越来越严峻。为了抢夺市场资源，获取更大的发展空间，各大企业都在竭力争取上市资格。在这样的背景之下，借壳上市凭借其高效率、低成本的特点受到了众多不具备直接发行股票上市(IPO)资格的公司的青睐。为防止拟上市公司在实操过程中出现因为缺乏清晰明确的准则指引而使得借壳失败、通过钻准则的空子来规避成本、获取超额收益等问题，我国必须及时更新和规范借壳上市相关的准则。

本文以中公教育借壳亚夏汽车案例为主要研究对象，以借壳上市的相关会计准则为基础，运用案例研究法和规范研究法对中公教育的借壳过程中是否构成“业务”的确认、合并成本的确认、商誉的确认与计量等方面展开了分析，旨在通过对中公教育在借壳上市过程中会计确认和计量方面存在的问题来反映当前我国在借壳上市相关准则中存在的缺陷，并提出有价值的建议。为了解决上述问题，本文先对借壳上市的模式、认定标准以及合并成本的确认及后续计量等相关文献做了梳理归纳，为研究中公教育借壳上市会计确认与计量相关问题提供了理论基础；然后对中公教育和亚夏汽车的相关情况进行介绍，对其借壳上市的具体会计确认与计量细节进行分析，发现中公教育选择公司价值评估的方法不合理导致公司合并成本的确认和后续计量存在差异；对“业务”的界定上存在一定的争议导致其在会计处理方法的判定上存在争议；业绩承诺的金额确定不够谨慎导致公司面临支付巨额赔偿的风险。这些问题究其根本在于我国借壳上市准则缺乏细节指引，部分业绩承诺和市场监管等规范性文件缺失，使得企业的借壳上市结果受到其对政策解读能力的影响。最后，对我国当前在借壳上市会计准则中存在的缺陷提出参考性建议，希望能够为促进我国会计准则体系完善、加强上市公司借壳上市规范化尽一份力量。

In recent years, the speed of restructuring of domestic enterprises has accelerated, the industrial structure has also undergone substantial adjustments, market competition is becoming more and more severe. In order to snatch market resources and strive for greater development space, major companies are striving for listing qualifications. Against such a background, backdoor listing is favored by many companies that are not eligible for direct listing (IPO) because of its high efficiency and low cost. In order to prevent the proposed listed company from having problems in the actual operation process, such as failure of backdoor listing due to lack of clear guidelines, avoiding costs by exploiting gaps in the accounting standards, and obtaining excess returns, etc., accounting  standards and guidelines related to backdoor listing must be updated and regulated in a timely manner.

  This article selects the case of the Offcn reverse merger and acquisition of Yaxia Automobile as the research object, based on the relevant accounting standards for backdoor listing, using the case study method and the normative study method to analyze whether the backdoor process of Offcn constitutes the confirmation of "business", the confirmation of merger cost, the confirmation and measurement of goodwill, etc., it is hoped that the problems existing in the accounting recognition and measurement of Offcn in the process of backdoor listing can reflect that the current standards for backdoor listing are flawed in domestic and make valuable suggestions. In order to solve these problems, this paper firstly summarizes the relevant literature on the mode of backdoor listing, identification standards, determination and subsequent measurement of merger costs, etc., it provides a theoretical basis for studying the accounting confirmation and measurement related issues of Offcn's backdoor listing. Then, it introduces the relevant situation of Offcn and Yaxia Automobile, and analyzes the specific accounting confirmation and measurement details of their backdoor listing, it is found that the method of Offcn's choice of company value assessment is unreasonable, resulting in discrepancies in the recognition and subsequent measurement of the company's merger cost, There are certain disputes over the definition of "business", which leads to disputes over the determination of accounting treatment methods, and the lack of prudence in determining the amount of performance commitments, which leads the company to face the risk of paying huge amounts of compensation. The root of these problems lies in the lack of detailed guidelines for my country's backdoor listing guidelines, and the lack of some normative documents such as performance commitments and market supervision make the results of backdoor listing of enterprises be affected by their ability to interpret policies. Finally, some reference suggestions are put forward in view of the defects and blanks existing in domestic current accounting standards for backdoor listing, hoping to contribute to the improvement of my country's accounting standards system and the strengthening of the standardization of backdoor listing of listed companies.