经济学院知识库

目前我国经济已经从高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段，而高质量发展阶段的经济增长更需要创新和产业结构升级的推动。十九大报告中也指出我国亟需创新发展与产业结构升级，以促进经济的高质量发展。由经济学理论可知，创新发展与产业结构升级都需要人力资本这一生产要素，人力资本是经济发展中创新发展与产业结构升级得以成功实现的基石。经过我国多年的人才强国战略建设，我国人力资本结构已经逐渐向高级化转变，受过高等教育的人才在总人口中的比重逐渐升高，为我国的创新驱动发展战略与产业结构升级战略提供了必要的基础。那么，我国的人力资本结构高级化是否显著推动了产业结构升级，实现这一作用的机制又是什么，它在不同地区的作用效果又是否存在差异？

带着这些问题，本文首先梳理了人力资本结构高级化与产业结构升级的相关文献，并详细分析了我国人力资本结构高级化与产业结构升级的发展现状。其次梳理了人力资本结构高级化与产业结构升级的相关理论，并基于上述梳理的理论，分析出人力资本结构高级化对产业结构升级影响的机制。实证部分以我国30个省份2004年-2019年的面板数据为基础，运用双向固定效应模型实证检验了人力资本结构高级化对产业结构升级的影响，并运用中介效应模型深入分析了这种影响的作用机制，此外还对样本按照东中西部地区分类进行了异质性检验。得到如下结论：第一，人力资本结构高级化会正向推动产业结构升级，这一回归结果通过了五种稳健性检验，表明该回归结果较稳健；第二，人力资本结构高级化对产业结构升级的推动作用主要通过增加地区研发投入水平、促进地区消费水平升级、促进地区城镇化水平提升得以实现；第三，人力资本结构高级化对产业结构升级的推动作用在东部地区最大，在中部地区次之，在西部地区最小。

基于上述分析与实证结论，本文提出如下对策建议：继续实施人才强国战略加大教育科研投入，注重地方人才政策同其他政策的协调配合，完善按要素贡献分配的收入分配制度，破除制约人才流动和发展的体制障碍。

With these problems in mind, this paper firstly sorts out the relevant literature on the advanced human capital structure and the upgrading of the industrial structure, and analyzes in detail the development status of the advanced human capital structure and the upgrading of the industrial structure in my country. Secondly, it sorts out the relevant theories of the advanced human capital structure and the upgrading of the industrial structure, and based on the above-mentioned theories, analyzes the mechanism of the influence of the advanced human capital structure on the upgrading of the industrial structure. The empirical part is based on the panel data of 30 provinces in my country from 2004 to 2019, using the two-way fixed effect model to empirically test the impact of the advanced human capital structure on the upgrading of the industrial structure, and using the mediation effect model to deeply analyze the impact of this impact. In addition, the samples were classified according to the eastern, central and western regions, and the heterogeneity test was carried out. The following conclusions are drawn: first, the advanced human capital structure will positively promote the upgrading of the industrial structure, and this regression result has passed five robustness tests, indicating that the regression result is relatively stable; second, the advanced human capital structure has an impact on the industrial structure. The promotion of upgrading is mainly achieved by increasing the level of regional R&D investment, promoting the upgrading of regional consumption levels, and promoting the promotion of regional urbanization; Second, the smallest in the western region.

Based on the above analysis and empirical conclusions, this paper puts forward the following countermeasures and suggestions: continue to implement the strategy of strengthening the country with talents, increase investment in education and scientific research, pay attention to the coordination and cooperation between local talent policies and other policies, improve the income distribution system based on contribution to factors, and eliminate restrictions on talent flow and institutional barriers to development.