国际经济与贸易学院知识库

       十九大报告明确指出，中国经济发展已由高速增长转向高质量发展阶段，这就意味着经济发展方式要由原先过度依赖要素能源投入的粗放式增长，转变为以提升绿色全要素生产率（GTFP）为中心的集约绿色增长。在驱动绿色全要素生产率提升的影响因素中，外商直接投资（IFDI）和对外直接投资（OFDI）产生的技术溢出不容忽视。随着对外开放的不断加深，中国双向FDI发展迅速，2020年双向FDI流量规模均跃居世界第一。因此，研究双向FDI技术溢出对绿色全要素生产率的影响对中国经济高质量发展具有重要意义。

       本文围绕双向FDI技术溢出对绿色全要素生产率的影响这一核心问题，首先分析了中国双向FDI发展现状，数据表明，中国IFDI已由“规模化发展”转向“效率发展”阶段，增长速度逐步趋稳，OFDI依旧保持快速增长，双向FDI整体呈现区域集中化现象，在国际上集中在亚洲地区，国内集中在东部地区，但中、西部地区发展潜力较大；其次，本文利用非参数混合径向EBM模型同时结合Malmquist-Luenberger生产率指数，测度中国绿色全要素生产率，结果表明，在样本研究期内，中国绿色全要素生产率整体以年平均2%的速度增长，其中，东部地区年平均增长率为6%，中部地区没有明显的恶化或改善，西部地区年平均下降2%；最后，为考察双向FDI技术溢出对中国绿色全要素生产率的具体影响，本文构建动态模型并利用系统GMM的方法进行实证分析，结果表明，样本期内，IFDI技术溢出、OFDI逆向技术溢出以及双向FDI技术溢出的协同效应对绿色全要素生产率均有积极影响；在经济发展水平较高的地区，双向FDI技术溢出对绿色全要素生产率的积极影响小于经济发展水平较低的地区；在人力资本水平较高的地区，双向FDI技术溢出及协同效应对绿色全要素生产率的影响高于人力资本水平较低的地区。基于此，本文提出促进双向FDI发展，扩大技术溢出效应；依据发展差异，促进绿色协调发展；强化人力资本积累；发展技术交易市场，提升绿色技术水平及完善环境规制政策的相关建议，以期为中国推动经济高质量发展提供对策思路。

    The report of the 19th National Congress clearly pointed out that China's economic development has shifted from high-speed growth to high-quality development, which means that the mode of economic development should change from extensive growth that originally relied too much on factor energy input to intensive green growth centered on improving green total factor productivity (GTFP). Among the factors drive the improvement of green total factor productivity, the technology spillovers caused by inward foreign direct investment (IFDI) and outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) can not be ignored. With the deepening of China's opening to the outside world, bidirectional FDI has developed rapidly. In 2020, the scale of bidirectional FDI flow jumped to the first in the world. Therefore, the study of the impact of bidirectional FDI technology spillover on green total factor productivity is of the great significance to the high-quality development of China's economy.

    This dissertation focuses on the core issue of the impact of bidirectional FDI technology spillover on GTFP. Firstly, this dissertation analyzes the development status of China's bidirectional FDI. It is found that China's IFDI has changed from "large-scale development" to "efficiency development", the growth rate has gradually stabilized, OFDI still maintains rapid growth, and the bidirectional FDI as a whole presents the phenomenon of regional concentration, which is concentrated in Asia internationally and in the eastern region domestically, but in China The western region has great development potential. Secondly, this dissertation uses the non parametric mixed radial EBM model and Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index to measure China's GTFP. It is found that within the sample study, China's green total factor productivity increased at an average annual rate of 2%, of which the average annual growth rate in the eastern region was 6%, and there was no obvious deterioration or improvement in the central region, The average annual decline in the western region is 2%. In order to investigate the specific impact of bidirectional FDI technology spillover on China's green total factor productivity, this dissertation uses the systematic GMM method to construct a dynamic empirical model. It is found that IFDI technology spillover, OFDI technology spillover and directional FDI technology spillover have a positive impact on green total factor productivity. In areas with high economic development level, the positive impact of bidirectional FDI technology spillover on green total factor productivity is less than that in areas with low economic development level. In areas with high human capital level, the impact of bidirectional FDI technology spillover and synergy on green total factor productivity is higher than that in areas with low human capital level. Based on this, this dissertation proposes to promote the development of bidirectional FDI and expand the technology spillover effect. Promote the coordinated development of green according to the development differences.Strengthen the accumulation of human capital. Develop technology trading market, improve green technology level and improve environmental regulation policies, in order to provide countermeasures and ideas for China to promote high-quality economic development.