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       在新一轮的技术革命浪潮中，从人工智能、数字化、网络化等新技术发展而来的工业智能化席卷全球，深刻影响着社会与经济的发展。自2008年全球金融危机之后，一些西方发达国家为复苏经济并在新一轮的科技革命中抢占机遇，纷纷推进工业发展新模式，如美国的“工业互联网”与德国的“工业4.0”。作为世界第二大经济体的中国同样高度重视工业智能化，先后提出各项战略规划，意在新产业竞争格局中占得制高点。以“数字化”和“智能化”为核心的工业转型对实现经济高质量发展具有重大影响。但历史发展的经验表明，科技革命在为经济发展添薪续力的同时，也可能带来财富分配格局的变化。新一轮科技革命虽然为我国进入国际科技前沿地带带来新机遇，但智能技术的广泛运用使程序化岗位与简单脑力工作被加速替代，由此可能导致财富流向少数人的态势加剧，收入分配状况恶化。收入分配问题是我国长期以来社会经济健康发展所面临的重大挑战之一，较大的城乡收入差距是其主要表现。在此背景之下，不断推进的工业智能化对城乡收入差距的影响及其作用机制值得探究，这对于制定改善工业智能化发展与城乡收入差距扩大二者并行现状的公共政策具有重要的现实意义。

       本文先分析了工业智能化与城乡收入差距的现状事实。在此基础之上，从技能偏向性视角，理论分析了工业智能化对城乡收入差距的影响机制。并基于我国30个省份的面板数据，实证检验了工业智能化对城乡收入差距的机制影响与具体作用效应。研究结果表明：第一，工业智能化扩大了城乡收入差距，这一结论在经过稳健性检验与考虑内生性问题后依旧成立。第二，工业智能化通过拉大不同技能的劳动力需求和收入差异，即导致就业技能结构趋于高级化和技能收入差距逐渐扩大化，从而使城乡收入差距扩大，中介效应模型检验结果也表明二者呈现中介效应。第三，工业智能化对城乡收入差距的影响在不同地区中存在异质性。首先，在智能化发展水平较高的东部地区，工业智能化对城乡收入差距具有显著的扩大效应，但在智能化水平处于发展期甚至起步期的中、西部来说，该效应却不显著。其次，工业智能化在市场化水平较高地区的扩大效应弱于市场化水平较小地区的。最后，在城乡收入差距较大地区，工业智能化的拉大作用强于差距较小地区。文末，基于以上研究，提出在工业智能化发展中缓解城乡收入差距的相关政策启示。

     In the new wave of technological revolution, industrial intelligence developed from new technologies such as artificial intelligence, digitization, and networking has swept the world, profoundly affecting the development of society and economy. Since the global financial crisis in 2008, some western developed countries have promoted new models of industrial development in order to recover their economies and seize opportunities in a new round of technological revolution, such as the "Industrial Internet" in the United States and "Industry 4.0" in Germany. As the world's second largest economy, China also attaches great importance to industrial intelligence, and has successively put forward various strategic plans to occupy the commanding heights in the new industry competition pattern. Industrial transformation centered on "digitization" and "intelligence" has a significant impact on achieving high-quality economic development. However, the experience of historical development shows that the scientific and technological revolution may also bring about changes in the pattern of wealth distribution, while adding to the economic development. Although the new round of scientific and technological revolution has brought new opportunities for China to enter the forefront of international science and technology, the widespread use of intelligent technology has accelerated the replacement of programmed jobs and simple mental work. This may lead to an intensified flow of wealth to the few and a worsening of income distribution. Income distribution is one of the major challenges facing China's long-term social and economic development, and the large urban-rural income gap is its main manifestation. In this context, the impact of the continuous advancement of industrial intelligence on the urban-rural income gap and its mechanism are worth exploring. This has important practical significance for formulating public policies to improve the parallel status of industrial intelligence development and urban-rural income gap expansion.

      This paper first analyzes the current situation of industrial intelligence and the urban-rural income gap. On this basis, from the perspective of skill bias, this paper theoretically analyzes the impact mechanism of industrial intelligence on the urban-rural income gap. And based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China, this paper empirically tests the mechanism and specific effects of industrial intelligence on the urban-rural income gap. The research results show that: First, industrial intelligence has widened the urban-rural income gap, and this conclusion still holds after robustness tests and consideration of endogeneity. Second, industrial intelligence increases the labor demand and income differences of different skills, that is, the employment skills structure tends to be advanced and the skill income gap gradually widens, thereby expanding the urban-rural income gap. The results of the mediation effect model test also show that two show a mediating effect. Third, the impact of industrial intelligence on the urban-rural income gap is heterogeneous in different regions. First of all, in the eastern region with a high level of intelligent development, industrial intelligence has a significant expansion effect on the urban-rural income gap. However, in the central and western regions where the level of intelligence is in the development stage or even in its infancy, the effect is not significant. Secondly, the expansion effect of industrial intelligence in regions with a higher level of marketization is weaker than that in regions with a lower level of marketization. Finally, in areas with large urban-rural income gaps, the role of industrial intelligence in expanding is stronger than in areas with small gaps. At the end of the paper, based on the above research, relevant policy implications for alleviating the urban-rural income gap in the development of industrial intelligence are put forward.