法学院知识库

  如何有效规制数据抓取行为，已成为大数据时代最重要的法律问题之一。在司法实践中，用反不正当竞争法规制数据抓取行为是最重要的途径之一，但同时也存在许多具体法律问题需要进一步解决。本文将从反不正当竞争法规制的角度，对数据抓取行为的规制问题进行研究和探讨。

  本文的基本思路和主要内容是：

  首先，界定本文要研究的“数据”范围，进而分析“数据抓取行为”的概念、方式其特殊性，为后文分析奠定一个逻辑基础（明确本文所要研究的“数据抓取行为”的定义，并通过对数据抓取行为实施方式的分析，总结和归纳对其规制有重要影响的特征：模式隐蔽性、技术模糊性、成本低廉性、侵权成本低、影响广泛性）。

  其次，结合基础理论（搭便车理论、注意力经济理论、保护消费者权益理论等）来阐述适用反不正当竞争规制数据抓取行为的必要性，着重分析我国适用反不正当竞争法规制数据抓取行为主要存在的法律问题（反不正当竞争行为的“一般条款”问题、“互联网专条”可适性问题、“实质性替代”的认定标准问题、竞争关系的认定思路问题、损害赔偿机制问题、行政法规体系混乱及行政执法专业性不足、行政司法取证困难的问题）。

  最后，借鉴域外制度和国内研究成果基础上，对照我国已有立法，提出本文主要建议：构建“一般条款”适用的多重标准；将数据抓取行为纳入“互联网专条”的规制范围；明确“实质性替代”的标准；改变竞争关系认定的思路；引入“诉前禁令机制”；从事前事后完善损害赔偿机制；完善行政监管体系，健全监管主体；培养双料行政和司法人才，监管和司法队伍专业化。

    How to effectively regulate data fetching behavior has become one of the most important legal issues in the era of big data. In judicial practice, Unfair competition is one of the most important ways to regulate data grabbing. However, there are also many specific legal issues that need to be further resolved. In this paper, we will study and discuss the regulation of data grabbing from the angle of Unfair competition regulation.

    The main ideas and contents of this paper are as follows:

    First, define the scope of "data" to be studied in this paper, and then analyze the particularity of the concept and mode of "data grabbing behavior", this paper establishes a logical foundation for the following analysis (the definition of the "data grabbing behavior" to be studied in this paper is made clear, and through the analysis of the implementation mode of the data grabbing behavior, the characteristics that have important influence on its regulation are summarized and summarized: mode concealment, technical fuzziness, low cost, low tort cost and wide influence ) .

    Secondly, combining the basic theories (free rider theory, attention economy theory, consumer protection theory, etc.) , this paper expounds the necessity of applying Unfair competition to regulate data grabbing , this paper focuses on the analysis of the main legal problems existing in the application of the anti-Unfair Competition Law to regulate the act of data grabbing (the problems of the "general clause" of the anti-Unfair Competition Act, the adaptability of the "Internet Special Article", the identification standard of the "substantial substitution", the identification thinking of the competition relationship, the problems of the damage compensation mechanism, the confusion of the administrative law system and the insufficiency of the specialty of the administrative law enforcement, and the difficulties of the administrative judicial evidence collection) .

    Finally, on the basis of reference to the extraterritorial system and domestic research results, the main suggestions of this paper are as follows: constructing multiple standards for the application of "General Clause"; The data grabbing behavior should be brought into the regulation scope of "Internet Special Article", the standard of "substantial substitution" should be made clear, the thinking of identifying the competition relationship should be changed, and the "pre-suit injunction mechanism" should be introduced we should perfect the mechanism of compensation for damages, perfect the system of administrative supervision and perfect the main body of supervision, train double-qualified administrative and judicial personnel, and professionalize the supervision and judicial personnel.