统计与数据科学学院知识库

   改革开放以来，我国国民经济实现了快速发展，工业经济在区域经济发展中发挥了重要作用，但与此同时，该部门也产生了大量的废弃物，对环境质量产生了严重影响。进入21世纪后，环境污染问题引起了国家的高度重视，先后出台了生态环境保护相关政策，对环境污染问题进行综合治理。因此，明确环境规制如何影响工业就业，保证环境保护和工业就业优化具有重要的现实意义。

   本文归纳梳理了环境规制影响就业领域的相关文献；分析环境规制对工业就业的门槛效应与空间效应影响的机制作用；结合数据的可获得性对2004年到2019年的我国环境污染和治理投资进行现状分析，并测算环境规制指标；通过建立面板门槛和空间计量模型，分析环境规制对工业就业规模及结构的门槛和空间影响效应。研究发现：提高环境规制和技术创新强度，环境规制逐渐对工业就业规模产生先抑制后促进的影响；环境规制处于较高水平时，企业会改变短期策略从长期发展规划出发，考虑提高环境治理投资额和研发投入强度来建立竞争优势，进而实现工业就业结构的升级；工业就业的规模和结构在空间上具有较强的集聚效应，某一地区会根据其相邻地区的环境规制强度进行规制调整，实现工业就业结构的升级。最后基于以上结论提出当地政府以及工业企业应该综合考虑环境保护和就业情况实施环境规制，加强对工业高技术人才的培养和地区之间共同治理并加强监督环境规制的建议。

    Since the reform and opening up, my country's national economy has achieved rapid development, and the industrial economy has played an important role in regional economic development, but at the same time, this sector has also produced a large amount of waste, which has had a serious impact on environmental quality. After entering the 21st century, the problem of environmental pollution has attracted great attention from the state, and policies related to ecological and environmental protection have been issued successively to comprehensively control the problem of environmental pollution. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to clarify how environmental regulation affects industrial employment and to ensure environmental protection and optimization of industrial employment.

    This paper summarizes and sorts out relevant literature on the impact of environmental regulation on employment; analyzes the mechanism of environmental regulation’s impact on industrial employment threshold effect and spatial effect; combined with the availability of data, my country’s environmental pollution and investment in governance from 2004 to 2019 were analyzed. Analyze the status quo, and calculate the environmental regulation indicators; through the establishment of panel thresholds and spatial measurement models, analyze the threshold and spatial impact of environmental regulation on the scale and structure of industrial employment. The study found that: by increasing the intensity of environmental regulation and technological innovation, environmental regulation will gradually have an impact on the scale of industrial employment that first inhibits and then promotes; when environmental regulation is at a high level, companies will change their short-term strategies and start from long-term development plans, and consider increasing investment in environmental governance. The scale and structure of industrial employment have a strong agglomeration effect in space, and a certain area will be regulated according to the environmental regulation intensity of its adjacent areas, to realize the upgrading of the industrial employment structure. Finally, based on the above conclusions, it is proposed that the local government and industrial enterprises should comprehensively consider environmental protection and employment conditions to implement environmental regulations, strengthen the training of industrial high-tech talents and joint governance between regions and strengthen supervision of environmental regulations.