经济学院知识库

        党的十九大报告中明确提出实施新一轮的区域协调发展战略，把建立健全基础设施网络的均衡发展作为区域发展战略的一项重要目标。我国经济发展由单纯的数量增长转变为发展质量的提升，形成了“质量、效率、动力”全面提升的改革局面，提高全要素生产力水平成为实现中国经济社会高质量发展的关键抓手。面对西部大开发第三个十年的新格局与新举措，建设开放的基础设施大通道、拓展区际互动合作成为了发展的重点。西部地区基础设施建设发展的区域差距还较为突出，区域协同发展的重要任务是合理布局基础设施网络、建设区域交通内外连接通道和主要城市枢纽。西部地区如何利用其广阔的地理位置、丰富的自然资源以及国家政策的有利扶持，加大基础设施建设投入，有效利用基础设施资源，对实现区域经济一体化，缩小经济发展差距，提高全要素生产率具有重大意义。

        本文首先以基础设施建设为研究对象，对相关文献进行了梳理与归纳，以经济增长理论和新经济地理学理论为基础。分析了交通、信息、能源三大基础设施对全要素生产率的影响机制。其次，从四大板块、两个层面对西部地区基础设施建设现状进行了分析，运用DEA-Malmquist指数法对西部地区及西南、西北地区全要素生产率的变动进行测算，同时将全要素生产率分解为技术进步和效率提升两个方面。选取西部地区2001-2019年75个地级市的面板数据，建立空间计量模型对基础设施建设影响全要素生产率的空间溢出效应进行实证分析。最后，对完善基础设施从而提升全要素生产率提出对策建议。

        研究结论：（1）西部地区基础设施存量处于全国较低水平，西南、西北地区差异较大。（2）西部地区的全要素生产率的变动源于技术进步要素所产生的贡献，西南地区则主要以效率提升贡献为主，西北地区两者较为均衡。（3）西部地区交通基础设施对全要素生产率的增长有正向推动作用，但对邻近地区存在负向的抑制作用；能源基础设施对提升本地全要素生产率产生显著的负向空间效应及对邻近地区正向的溢出效应。；信息基础设施未表现显著的空间溢出效应；空间溢出效应分解后呈现出长期效应弱于短期效应的趋势。

  The report of the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward the implementation of a new round of regional coordinated development strategy, and regarded the establishment and improvement of balanced development of infrastructure networks as an important goal of regional development strategies. China's economic development has changed from simple quantitative growth to the improvement of development quality, forming a reform situation of comprehensive improvement of "quality, efficiency and power", and improving the level of total factor productivity has become the key to achieving high-quality economic and social development in China. In the face of the new pattern and new measures of the third decade of the large-scale development of the western region, the construction of open infrastructure channels and the expansion of inter-regional interaction and cooperation have become the focus of development. The regional gap in the development of infrastructure construction in the western region is still relatively prominent, and the important task of coordinated regional development is to rationally lay out the infrastructure network, build regional transportation internal and external connection channels and major urban hubs. How the western region can make use of its vast geographical location, abundant natural resources, and favorable support from state policies to increase investment in infrastructure construction and make effective use of infrastructure resources is of great significance to realizing regional economic integration, narrowing the gap in economic development, and improving total factor productivity.

  First of all, taking infrastructure construction as the research object, the relevant literature is sorted out and summarized, based on the theory of economic growth and the theory of new economic geography. The impact mechanism of transportation, information and energy on total factor productivity is analyzed. Secondly, the current situation of infrastructure construction in the western region is analyzed from four major sectors and two levels, and the DEA-Malmquist index method is used to measure the changes in the total factor productivity of the western region, the southwest and northwest regions, and the total factor productivity is decomposed into two aspects: technological progress and efficiency improvement. Panel data of 75 prefecture-level cities in the western region from 2001 to 2019 were selected, and a spatial Dubin model was established to empirically analyze the spatial spillover effect of infrastructure construction affecting total factor productivity. Finally, we propose countermeasures to the growth of total factor productivity affected by infrastructure.

  Conclusions: (1) The infrastructure stock in the western region is at a low level in the country, and the difference between the southwest and northwest regions is quite large. (2) The change in total factor productivity in the western region stems from the contribution of factors of technological progress, while the southwest region is mainly based on the contribution of efficiency improvement, and the northwest region is more balanced. (3) The transportation infrastructure in the western region has a positive role in promoting the growth of total factor productivity, but there is a negative inhibitory effect on neighboring areas; energy infrastructure has a significant negative spatial effect on improving local total factor productivity and a positive spillover effect on neighboring areas. The spatial spillover effect of the information infrastructure did not show significant, and the long-term effect was weaker than the short-term effect after the spatial spillover effect was decomposed.